Abstract
The global agricultural system has been badly affected by adverse environmental changes in the past few years. These changes, including the rise of abiotic and biotic stressors negatively altered the growth and physiology of crop plants. Abiotic stresses, such as salinity, temperature extremes, drought, and heavy metals/metalloids, are major environmental constraints limiting crop growth, productivity, and sustainability worldwide. These stresses adversely affect plant metabolic activities and redox homeostasis, eventually leading to a reduction in plant growth and development. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) play a key role in regulating plants developmental processes and defensive responses under adverse environmental conditions. Among PGRs, gibberellic acid (GA3), an endogenous tetracyclic diterpenoid plant hormone, regulates many growth and developmental aspects of crop plants. GA3 plays a pivotal role in mitigating abiotic stresses induced-perturbations in plants by modulating various physio-biochemical and molecular processes. Based on recent reports, this review article describes the role of exogenously applied GA3 in improving seed germination, phenotypic characteristics, metabolic processes, yield and quality components, and post-harvest life of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. In this article, we summarize research concerning GA3 biosynthesis and signaling and discuss the potential role of GA3 in mediating tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Moreover, the present article enlightens the current research concerning the signaling pathway in gibberellin and gibberellin-mediated crosstalk with other plant hormones.
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SHS and SI are thankful to University Grant Commission, New Delhi, India for providing the research fellowships.
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The funding was provided by University Grants Commission of India (IN), 18PHDBT030, Sajad Hussain Shah.
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SHS and SI: generated the idea and wrote and drafted the article. MHS: reviewed and edited the manuscript and FM designed and supervised the manuscript.
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Shah, S.H., Islam, S., Mohammad, F. et al. Gibberellic Acid: A Versatile Regulator of Plant Growth, Development and Stress Responses. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 7352–7373 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11035-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11035-7