Abstract
As lead molecules, cyclic lipopeptides with antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties have garnered a lot of attention in recent years. Because of their potential, cyclic lipopeptides have earned recognition as a significant class of antimicrobial compounds with applications in pharmacology and biotechnology. These lipopeptides, often with biosurfactant properties, are amphiphilic, consisting of a hydrophilic moiety, like a carboxyl group, peptide backbone, or carbohydrates, and a hydrophobic moiety, mostly a fatty acid. Besides, several lipopeptides also have cationic groups that play an important role in biological activities. Antimicrobial lipopeptides can be considered as possible substitutes for antibiotics that are conventional to address the current drug-resistant issues as pharmaceutical industries modify the parent antibiotic molecules to render them more effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi, leading to the development of more resistant microbial strains. Bacillus species produce lipopeptides, which are secondary metabolites that are amphiphilic and are typically synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). They have been identified as potential biocontrol agents as they exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. A further benefit of lipopeptides is that they can be produced and purified biotechnologically or biochemically in a sustainable manner using readily available, affordable, renewable sources without harming the environment. In this review, we discuss the biochemical and functional characterization of antifungal lipopeptides, as well as their various modes of action, method of production and purification (in brief), and potential applications as novel antibiotic agents.
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Acknowledgements
First authors (S.K.P. & M.M.) sincerely acknowledge the funding agencies Department of Biotechnology (DBT)-Builder File no. BT/INF/22/SP2543/2021), and Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB) (File no. EMR/2017/000572), Govt. of India for the fellowships. S.R. acknowledges the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Govt. of India, New Delhi for the senior research fellowship. V.R. and U.R. sincerely acknowledge the DBT-Builder.
Funding
Authors sicerely acknowledge the funding from the DBT-Builder (File no.BT/INF/22/SP2543/2021). First co-author and the second author acknowledge the funding agencies SERB (File no. EMR/2017/000572) and ICMR for the fellowships respectively.
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SKP and MM drafted the main manuscript text and SKP, MM, and SR prepared figures and graphical abstracts, VR and UR reviewed the manuscript.
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Sreelakshmi, K.P., Madhuri, M., Swetha, R. et al. Microbial lipopeptides: their pharmaceutical and biotechnological potential, applications, and way forward. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 40, 135 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03908-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03908-0