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Genetic dissection of tocopherol and phytosterol in recombinant inbred lines of sunflower through quantitative trait locus analysis and the candidate gene approach

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Abstract

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) contains tocopherol, a non-enzymatic antioxidant known as lipid-soluble vitamin E, and phytosterol, with interesting properties, which can result in decreased risk of chronic diseases in humans and with several beneficial effects in plants. The genetic control of tocopherol and phytosterol content in a population of 123 recombinant inbred lines of sunflower was studied through quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using 190 simple sequence repeats and a gene-based linkage map. Seven experiments were conducted in different environments in France and Iran during 2007 and 2008. Each experiment consisted of three replications. Means over all environments were used for QTL mapping. Five QTL for total tocopherol content on linkage groups 1, 8, 10 and 14 accounted for 45% of phenotypic variation, whereas four QTL for total phytosterol content on linkage groups 1, 2, 16 and 17 explained 27% of the phenotypic variation. GST, PAT2, SFH3 and POD genes showed co-localization with QTL for total phytosterol content. SMT2 is also mapped on linkage group 17 near the QTL of total phytosterol content. Four candidate genes, VTE4, HPPD, GST and Droug1, exhibited co-localization with QTL for total tocopherol content. The candidate genes associated with tocopherol and phytosterol, especially HPPD, VTE4 and SMT2, could be used for alternation of the tocopherol and phytosterol content of sunflower seeds through the development of functional markers.

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Abbreviations

RIL:

Recombinant inbred line

SSR:

Simple sequence repeat

CG:

Candidate gene

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

CAPS:

Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence

InDel:

Insertion/deletion

HRM:

High-resolution melting

NIRS:

Near-infrared reflectance spectrometry

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

TTC:

Total tocopherol content

TPC:

Total phytosterol content

CIM:

Composite interval mapping

QTL:

Quantitative trait locus/loci

RFLP:

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

AFLP:

Amplified fragment length polymorphism

LG:

Linkage group

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes, UMR CNRS-INRA 2594/441, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Auzeville, BP 52627, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France

    P. Haddadi, N. B. Langlade & P. Vincourt

  2. Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

    P. Haddadi, B. Yazdi-samadi & M. R. Naghavi

  3. Laboratoire de Symbiose et Pathologie des Plantes (SP2), INP-ENSAT, IFR 40, 18 Chemin de Borde-Rouge, BP 32607, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France

    P. Haddadi & A. Sarrafi

  4. Science and Research Branch, Department of Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    A. Ebrahimi

  5. Laboratoire d’Agrophysiologie, Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, UMR 1054 INRA/EIP, 75, Voie du TOEC, BP 57611, 31076, Toulouse Cedex 3, France

    M. Berger & A. Calmon

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  1. P. Haddadi
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  2. A. Ebrahimi
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  4. B. Yazdi-samadi
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  5. M. Berger
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  7. M. R. Naghavi
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  8. P. Vincourt
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  9. A. Sarrafi
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Correspondence to A. Sarrafi.

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Haddadi, P., Ebrahimi, A., Langlade, N.B. et al. Genetic dissection of tocopherol and phytosterol in recombinant inbred lines of sunflower through quantitative trait locus analysis and the candidate gene approach. Mol Breeding 29, 717–729 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-011-9585-7

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