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The Role of Ecological Factors in Distribution and Abundance of Terrestrial Orchids

  • Living reference work entry
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Orchids Phytochemistry, Biology and Horticulture

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

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Abstract

Distributed throughout the continents, terrestrial orchids are known for their great species richness and specificity in relation to pollinators and mycorrhizal symbionts. Moreover, a large number of them are rare and sensitive to environmental changes. This chapter is mainly focused on the terrestrial orchids of Europe and reviews the major environmental factors affecting the patterns of their distribution, abundance, and richness (elevation, latitude, longitude, area size, climatic factors, geological substrates, soil characteristics, vegetation types, effects of disturbance), as well as the significance of mycorrhizal fungi and pollination systems. Some new data, especially regarding the responses of orchids to climate change and their occurrence on specific geological and soil substrates and vegetation types, are presented. Although the distribution and abundance of terrestrial orchids are associated with the joint effects of most of the examined factors, some factors have emerged as crucial, especially on the northern and southern borders of their distribution. Furthermore, the role of environmental factors depends largely on the belowground strategies of orchids. The chapter highlights the importance of exploring the level of specialization of orchids with respect to habitat conditions as an important basis for their conservation.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia under Grant [number 173030]. ST was partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Program I (NPU I) [LO1415]. The authors would like to thank Mihai Bobocea for providing photos of specific orchids. We are grateful to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Stevanović, Prof. Dr. Slobodan Jovanović, and Prof. Dr. Dmitar Lakušić for useful suggestions and information. We are very grateful to Mr. Raymond Dooley, native English editor for the proofreading of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Vladan Djordjević

  2. Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, International Hellenic University, Drama, Greece

    Spyros Tsiftsis

  3. Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic

    Spyros Tsiftsis

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  1. Vladan Djordjević
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Correspondence to Vladan Djordjević .

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  1. Inst.des Sci.de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France

    Jean-Michel Merillon

  2. University of La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France

    Hippolyte Kodja

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  1. Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Denis, Réunion

    Hippolyte Kodja

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Djordjević, V., Tsiftsis, S. (2020). The Role of Ecological Factors in Distribution and Abundance of Terrestrial Orchids. In: Merillon, JM., Kodja, H. (eds) Orchids Phytochemistry, Biology and Horticulture. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11257-8_4-1

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