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In vitro selection, regeneration and characterization of NaCl-tolerant plants of Sapindus trifoliatus: an important multipurpose tree

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Abstract

The present study demonstrates the selection of NaCl tolerant callus line and regeneration of NaCl tolerant plants of Sapindus trifoliatus L. from selected callus via somatic embryogenesis. Callus induced from leaf disc explants was subjected to the selection of NaCl-tolerant callus line on MS medium containing NaCl. The exposure of embryogenic callus to NaCl (0–250 mM) allowed the selection of callus to tolerate 100 mM NaCl, and it confirms with stability test by the three consecutive transfers of 100 mM NaCl tolerant callus to a medium devoid of NaCl and re-transfer to 100 mM NaCl supplemented medium. NaCl selected and non-selected embryogenic callus lines were characterized by the analysis of callus growth, tolerance index, and accumulation of both inorganic (Na+ and K+) and organic (proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars) content. 100 mM NaCl-tolerant callus showed the formation of globular structure, which differentiated different stages of somatic embryos on a maintenance medium containing NaCl (0-200 mM). Mature cotyledonary stage somatic embryos developed from 100 mM NaCl tolerant globular structure were germinated on germination medium containing NaCl. About 67 and 38% NaCl tolerant somatic embryos were germinated on a medium without NaCl and containing 100 mM NaCl, respectively. NaCl tolerant plants developed on different germination medium with NaCl survived when transplanted to 0.2 or 0.3% (w/w) NaCl mixed potting mixture. Six-month-old established 100 mM NaCl tolerant plants were characterized by analyzing various physiological and biochemical parameters i.e., chlorophyll, carotenoid, L-proline content and antioxidative (MDA, SOD, CAT and APx) activities. The results suggest that in vitro selection technique offers an efficient way to develop NaCl tolerant plants of S. trifoliatus.

Key message

NaCl-tolerant plantlets of Sapindus trifoliatus were regenerated via in vitro selection technique. NaCl-selected callus lines and further regenerated plantlets were characterized by various physiological and biochemical analyses.

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Acknowledgements

PA and MKR acknowledge the University Grant Commission (UGC), India, for financial support in the form of SRF and Start-Up Research Grant, respectively.

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Funding was provided by University Grants Commission.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Morphogenesis, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 005, India

    Pooja Asthana

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, M.P., 484887, India

    Manoj K. Rai

  3. Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Varanasi, 221 005, India

    Uma Jaiswal

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  1. Pooja Asthana
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PA designed and conducted all the experiments and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. MKR helped in data analysis and edited the manuscript. UJ guided the research and edited the final manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Manoj K. Rai.

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Asthana, P., Rai, M.K. & Jaiswal, U. In vitro selection, regeneration and characterization of NaCl-tolerant plants of Sapindus trifoliatus: an important multipurpose tree. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 154, 227–238 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02552-0

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