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Cadmium toxicity impacts plant growth and plant remediation strategies

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Abstract

Heavy metal (HM) contamination in agricultural soils has become a prime concern for today’s society, as it entails environmental risks. Cadmium (Cd) is extremely toxic and carcinogenic, as it shows devastating effects on human health, and crop growth and productivity. Plants are the main source of heavy metal entry into the food chain, which originates due to anthropogenic activities (mining, smelting, and sewage sludge), results in enhanced Cd contamination in the environment. In crops, Cd antagonistically competes with nutrients acquisition and disturb plant physiological attributes, thus restricting plant survival in polluted soils. Therefore, a comprehensive review of environmentally friendly management practices for Cd-resilience crops is of utmost urgency. Thus, in this review we aim to advance our understanding in an integrated way to remediate heavy metals, identifying Cd-tolerant cultivars, selective breeding of low Cd-accumulating cultivars, Cd-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Moreover, to understand molecular mechanisms and identify genes potentially implicated in Cd-tolerance with the final aim of engineering a perfect bioremediation ensemble to be used in the recovery of polluted soils, agroecosystems restoration, the reduction of environmental, and food-feed-associated risks, and ultimately protecting animal and human health. This may help to determine the ecological importance of Cd pollution in interdisciplinary studies and offers crucial remediation strategies to prevent the dispersion of Cd contamination in agricultural soils, to ensure global food security problems.

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  1. College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China

    Mehtab Muhammad Aslam

  2. Department of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of HongKong, Hong Kong, China

    Mehtab Muhammad Aslam

  3. Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China

    Eyalira Jacob Okal

  4. Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, 51600, Pakistan

    Muhammad Waseem

  5. College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China

    Muhammad Waseem

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MW: conceived the concept. MMA and EJ: draft the manuscript. MMA and MW: revised the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Aslam, M.M., Okal, E.J. & Waseem, M. Cadmium toxicity impacts plant growth and plant remediation strategies. Plant Growth Regul 99, 397–412 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00917-7

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