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A single recessive gene controls cadmium translocation in the cadmium hyperaccumulating rice cultivar Cho-Ko-Koku

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Abstract

The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to humans and can enter food chains from contaminated crop fields. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation in crop species will aid production of safe Cd-free food. Here, we identified a single recessive gene that allowed higher Cd translocation in rice, and also determined the chromosomal location of the gene. The Cd hyperaccumulator rice variety Cho-Ko-Koku showed 3.5-fold greater Cd translocation than the no-accumulating variety Akita 63 under hydroponics. Analysis of an F2 population derived from these cultivars gave a 1:3 segregation ratio for high:low Cd translocation. This indicates that a single recessive gene controls the high Cd translocation phenotype. A QTL analysis identified a single QTL, qCdT7, located on chromosome 7. On a Cd-contaminated field, Cd accumulation in the F2 population showed continuous variation with considerable transgression. Three QTLs for Cd accumulation were identified and the peak of the most effective QTL mapped to the same region as qCdT7. Our data indicate that Cd translocation mediated by the gene on qCdT7 plays an important role in Cd accumulation on contaminated soil.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr Hiroyuki Hattori, Dr Shinichi Nakamura, Dr Yoshihiro Kaneta (Akita Prefectural University) and Mr Masashi Ito (Akita Agricultural Experimental Station) for analysis of metals. This research was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Japan (Genomics for Agricultural Innovation, RGB-2404).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Kaidoubata-Nishi 241-438, Shimoshinjyo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan

    Kouichi Tezuka, Hidenori Miyadate, Kenji Sakurai, Hidekazu Takahashi, Namiko Satoh-Nagasawa, Akio Watanabe & Hiromori Akagi

  2. Akita Agricultural Experiment Station, Genpachizawa 34-1, Aikawa, Yuwa, Akita, 010-1231, Japan

    Kazunao Katou, Ikuko Kodama, Shinichi Matsumoto, Tomohiko Kawamoto & Satoshi Masaki

  3. Department of Paddy Farming, National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, Yotsuya, Daisen, 014-0102, Japan

    Hideki Satoh & Masayuki Yamaguchi

  4. Institute of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan

    Tatsuhito Fujimura

  5. Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Kaidoubata-Nishi 241-438, Shimoshinjyo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan

    Hiromori Akagi

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  1. Kouichi Tezuka
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  2. Hidenori Miyadate
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  14. Tatsuhito Fujimura
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hiromori Akagi.

Additional information

Communicated by M. Xu.

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122_2009_1244_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Fig. S1. Frequency distribution of Cd accumulation in shoots and roots of F2 seedlings grown under hydroponic culture conditions. The 144 F2 seedlings were grown in a nutrient solution with 5 μg L−1 of CdCl2 for 20 days. Means and standard deviations of the parental translocation rates are also included. CKK and A63 represent Cho-Ko-Koku and Akita 63, respectively (TIFF 333 kb)

122_2009_1244_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Fig. S2. Frequency distributions of Cd concentrations in shoots and roots of F2 seedlings grown under hydroponic culture conditions. The 144 F2 seedlings were grown in a nutrient solution with 5 μg L−1 of CdCl2 for 20 days. Means and standard deviations of the parental translocation rates are also included. CKK and A63 represent Cho-Ko-Koku and Akita 63, respectively (TIFF 324 kb)

122_2009_1244_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Fig. S3. Frequency distribution of the Cd concentration in shoots of the F2 population grown on the Cd-polluted paddy field. The cadmium concentration and dry weight in the shoots of 142 F2 plants were analyzed. CKK and A63 represent means and standard deviations of Cd accumulation in Cho-Ko-Koku and Akita 63, respectively (TIFF 148 kb)

122_2009_1244_MOESM4_ESM.tif

Fig. S4. Frequency distribution of the shoots dry weights of the F2 population grown on the Cd-polluted paddy field. The cadmium concentrations and dry weights in the shoots of 142 F2 plants were analyzed. CKK and A63 represent means and standard deviations of Cd accumulation in Cho-Ko-Koku and Akita 63, respectively (TIFF 138 kb)

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Tezuka, K., Miyadate, H., Katou, K. et al. A single recessive gene controls cadmium translocation in the cadmium hyperaccumulating rice cultivar Cho-Ko-Koku. Theor Appl Genet 120, 1175–1182 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-1244-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-1244-6

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