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Cellulose reinforced polymer composites and nanocomposites: a critical review

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Abstract

This review provides a critical assessment of the use of cellulosic materials for reinforcement in polymer composites. The review focuses on structure–property interrelationships and the compatibilization of cellulosic materials for optimal performance of the resulting composite materials. Optimal material and physical properties are characterized on the basis of the reinforcement’s physical dimension and the nature of the interface between reinforcement and matrix. We explore how very different cellulosic materials—bacterial, microcrystalline, microfibrillated or nanocrystalline—can cause distinctly different reinforcment.

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Notes

  1. Cell here refers to a physical unit comprising a single fibre-matrix and their interactions.

  2. Fluence is defined as the number of particles that intersect a unit area. The term is used in particular to describe the strength of a radiation field.

  3. A conventional method to examine pulp fibre strength is to measure the zero-span strength of paper sheets. In order to compare the strength of individual MFC microfibrils with pulp fibres, the zero-span strength, or some similar concept, of MFC sheets and paper sheets is needed.

  4. Stained with calcofluor dye for observation using a confocal laser scanning microscope.

  5. The chemistry of CNC modification bears similarities to the methods used on macroscale cellulosic materials, which is reviewed in the previous section.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Natural Resources Canada under the Tranformative Technology program, and critical commentary on this review by Dr Richard Berry, Mr Thanh Trung and the anonymous reviewers of this journal.

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    Chuanwei Miao & Wadood Y. Hamad

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Correspondence to Wadood Y. Hamad.

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Miao, C., Hamad, W.Y. Cellulose reinforced polymer composites and nanocomposites: a critical review. Cellulose 20, 2221–2262 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-013-0007-3

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