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Genome Mapping and Map Based Cloning

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Plant Breeding

Abstract

Genome mapping has emerged as a potential tool that provides the complete depiction of the genomes of plants and animals and thereby the means for their further manipulation. It involves elucidation of the nuclear genome of higher plants and animals as well as the smaller cytoplasmic genomes as chloroplasts and mitochondria. It involves basically linkage mapping employing molecular markers and using mainly segregating populations. First generation or primary genetic linkage maps have been constructed in several plant and animal systems, particularly those of fundamental or of economic interests. An array of markers have been used for such purposes, those included mainly isoenzyme, RFLP, RAPD, AFLP and SSR. The mostly used mapping populations included F2, recombinant inbred lines, backcross, doubled haploid lines and CEPH. The second generation genetic maps, such as high density, high resolution and saturated linkage maps have also been developed in several plants and animals mainly by enriching the primary maps locally or globally. Molecular mapping has paved the way for positioning of simply inherited trait loci (SITL) controlling oligogenic characters and quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling polygenic characters. These have in turn facilitated marker assisted breeding (MAB) or molecular breeding (MB) for improvement in these traits. It has also recently been possible to mendelize the QTLs for precise monitoring of the gene clusters. Construction of molecular maps of two or more species/genera using a common set of markers and characters have resulted in comparative mapping that provides valuable information on genome homology and thus could illuminate on phylogenetic relationship and evolution in several taxa. Genome mapping has also provided the platform for chromosome walking or chromosome landing for isolating the chromosomal fragment containing a target gene and its (map based) cloning (MBC) for use in genetic transformation.

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  1. Allahabad Agricultural Institute, Allahabad, 211 007, India

    C. Kole

  2. Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250 004, India

    P. K. Gupta

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Kole, C., Gupta, P.K. (2004). Genome Mapping and Map Based Cloning. In: Jain, H.K., Kharkwal, M.C. (eds) Plant Breeding. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1040-5_11

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