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Sorghum

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Broadening the Genetic Base of Grain Cereals

Abstract

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is called camel’s crop and it is a major dryland cereal crop which has multipurpose uses like food, feed, fodder, and bioethanol production. It is nutritionally superior to other fine cereals such as rice and wheat with high fiber and mineral content. As a model for the tropical grasses, sorghum is a logical complement to rice. Sorghum is a representative of tropical grasses in that it has C4 photosynthesis with biochemical and morphological specializations that improve net carbon assimilation at high temperatures. Sorghum and maize share a common ancestor due to polyploidization and repetitive DNA propagation; however, the sorghum genome is much smaller (736 Mbp) and was completely sequenced in 2009. Sorghum is an even closer relative of sugarcane, arguably the most important biomass/biofuel crop worldwide. Gene flow between cultivated plants and their wild/weedy relatives play an important role in structuring the genetic variability within and among populations. The consequences of gene flow can contribute to the scientific basis (risk assessment) for managing agricultural systems, understanding evolutionary processes, and designing in situ conservation measures for genetic resources and using these resources to secure current and future plant breeding programs. Gene flow is of practical concern in crop breeding, weed evolution, or transgene movement from crops to weeds. While gene flow might pertain to seed movement with regard to volunteer plants or type “contamination,” most research has been performed on assessing gene flow via pollen movement, with transgenes being important and convenient markers to assay. Sorghum germplasm screening for various antioxidants and nutritional qualities which might be helpful in control of various diseases is now-a-days very easy with the help of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques and other new sequencing strategies like genotyping by sequencing (GBS), digital genotyping (DG), etc. Keeping in view its genetic variability, a known genomic sequence, and a good seed industry, utilization of sorghum within the health food market and the bioenergy arena will make sorghum a promising renewable resource for generations to come. The present chapter reviews the evolutionary aspects of sorghum with special emphasis on the gene pool and flow for crop improvement, considering levels of diversity, traits of importance, and interspecific hybridization and concludes with molecular aspects and future prospects of sorghum breeding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India

    Pummy Kumari, S. K. Pahuja & Satyawan Arya

  2. Indian Institute of Millet Research, Hyderabad, 500 030, India

    J. V. Patil

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Correspondence to S. K. Pahuja .

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  1. ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Mohar Singh

  2. ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India

    Sandeep Kumar

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Kumari, P., Pahuja, S.K., Arya, S., Patil, J.V. (2016). Sorghum. In: Singh, M., Kumar, S. (eds) Broadening the Genetic Base of Grain Cereals. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3613-9_7

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