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Lipoprotein Glycation in Diabetes Mellitus

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Lipoproteins in Diabetes Mellitus

Part of the book series: Contemporary Diabetes ((CDI))

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Abstract

There is a pandemic of diabetes mellitus, and in spite of modern drugs and devices to assist with glucose management and modern drugs for lipids, blood pressure, and blood clotting control, many people with diabetes will develop the macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes. The majority of people with diabetes are likely to die of an atherosclerosis related event. Contributing factors to the cardiovascular, renal, retinal, and neuropathy damage in diabetes include quantitative and qualitative changes in lipoproteins, including increased non-enzymatic glycation, which usually correlates with levels of glycemia. Lipoprotein glycation adversely impacts many lipoprotein functions, including in lipoprotein metabolism, cellular handling of lipoproteins, vascular structure and function, and blood clotting. The quantification of lipoprotein glycation is predominantly a research tool, and the major approaches to reduce lipoprotein glycation and its adverse consequences are to improve glucose and lipid levels. The effects of modulating deglycating enzymes and of Advanced Glycation End-Product (AGE) breakers on lipoprotein glycation are ongoing areas of research. In this chapter, the chemistry of lipoprotein glycation and its adverse effects on lipoprotein metabolism and functions are reviewed and potential treatments discussed.

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Acknowledgments

Grant support for studies discussed herein was provided by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, American Diabetes Association, National Institutes of Health, Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Review (RK), the Diabetes Research and Wellness Foundation, Lions SightFirst Diabetic Retinopathy Research Program, the National Health and Medical Research Foundation, and National Heart Foundation (Australia). The authors also acknowledge their collaborators, including Professors Timothy Lyons, John Baynes, Susan Thorpe, Maria Lopes-Virella, Gabe Virella, Kristian Hanssen, Bente Kilhovd, David O’Neal, Kerry-Anne Rye, Philip Barter, Michael Davies, Drs Craig Nelson, Andrew Wilson Estelle Nobecourt, Kwok Leung Ong and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group and the FIELD Trial, Ms. Connie Karschimkus and all study participants and site staff.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Alicia J. Jenkins & Andrzej S. Januszewski

  2. Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Alicia J. Jenkins

  3. Diabetes and Vacular Medicine, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Alicia J. Jenkins

  4. Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Andrzej S. Januszewski

  5. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA

    Richard L. Klein & Andrea J. Semler

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  1. NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Alicia J. Jenkins

  2. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Peter P. Toth

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Jenkins, A.J., Klein, R.L., Semler, A.J., Januszewski, A.S. (2023). Lipoprotein Glycation in Diabetes Mellitus. In: Jenkins, A.J., Toth, P.P. (eds) Lipoproteins in Diabetes Mellitus. Contemporary Diabetes. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26681-2_11

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