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Amino Acids Other Than Proline and Their Participation in Abiotic Stress Tolerance

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Compatible Solutes Engineering for Crop Plants Facing Climate Change

Abstract

Ensuring food supply to the increasing global population has remained a daunting task for agriculturalists and plant scientists, and abiotic stress only exacerbates this problem. Abiotic stress adversely affects many aspects of plant biology that predominantly govern growth and yield. Continued research efforts have revealed that plant response to abiotic stress is very complex and involves precise changes in several physiological, metabolic, and molecular facets. One of the basic and ubiquitous responses includes the synthesis and accumulation of compatible solutes. Amino acids are primary metabolites that, besides other functions, act as compatible solutes and play decisive roles in the cell life under various abiotic stresses. Although, proline has been vastly studied for its role as a compatible solute in mitigating abiotic stress effects in plants, other amino acids (both proteinogenic and nonproteinogenic) have received considerably less attention in this context. This chapter provides the current state of knowledge of the role of amino acids, excluding proline, in abiotic stress tolerance of crops. It provides a comprehensive overview of how these crucial metabolites improve the abiotic stress tolerance of crop plants when overproduced (using transgenic approaches) or supplied exogenously. Further, the potential of amino acid–based biostimulants in improving the biochemical, physiological, and molecular responses regulating plant adaptation and tolerance to various abiotic stresses is described. Based on the information in this chapter, it is deduced that proline is unquestionably not the only amino acid accumulated by plants in response to different abiotic stresses, and that genomic resources and related pathways associated with the other amino acids must be characterized to further our understanding of crop abiotic stress tolerance. This will facilitate the genetic engineering efforts for the improvement of abiotic stress tolerance and productivity of crop plants for sustainable agriculture.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India

    Showkat Ahmad Ganie

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  1. Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

    Manu Pratap Gangola

  3. Bioriginal Food and Science Corporation, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

    Bharathi Raja Ramadoss

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Ganie, S.A. (2021). Amino Acids Other Than Proline and Their Participation in Abiotic Stress Tolerance. In: Wani, S.H., Gangola, M.P., Ramadoss, B.R. (eds) Compatible Solutes Engineering for Crop Plants Facing Climate Change. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80674-3_3

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