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Effect of Nanoparticles on Plant Growth and Physiology and on Soil Microbes

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Nanomaterials and Environmental Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences ((NALIS))

Abstract

Great use of nanotechnology for potential benefits and novel applications has been developed in biotechnology and agriculture. Fertilizers have a critical role in plant growth and metabolism, but at most concentrations, applied fertilizers are unavailable to the plants because of leaching, runoff, and degradation. Nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulate nutrients, as chemical fertilizers that are released on demand for plant growth and development. Several studies have revealed that specific (low-dose) concentrations of NPs, foliar spray/irrigation, and carbon nanotubes significantly enhanced plant growth (plant height, root length, number of leaves, fruit size and production, seed germination, fresh shoot and root biomass), physiology (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid content, photosynthesis, carbohydrates, formation of photosynthetic pigments), oxidants, antioxidants, and developed plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stress. There is further need to explore NP effects on the photosynthetic mechanism, their activity beneath plant roots, and an urgent need to develop target-specific, controlled release of NPs as fertilizers to decrease the loss and spread of NPs into other environmental expanses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China

    Muhammad Nafees

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan & Muhammad Adrees

  3. Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University (CMU), Taichung, Taiwan

    Shafaqat Ali

  4. Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Asma Aziz & Syed Makhdoom Hussain

  5. Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Qasim Ali

  6. Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China

    Muhammad Junaid

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  1. School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Indu Bhushan

  2. School of Physics, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Vivek Kumar Singh

  3. Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Durgesh Kumar Tripathi

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Nafees, M. et al. (2020). Effect of Nanoparticles on Plant Growth and Physiology and on Soil Microbes. In: Bhushan, I., Singh, V., Tripathi, D. (eds) Nanomaterials and Environmental Biotechnology. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34544-0_5

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