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Bioink materials for translational applications

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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques have experienced a boom in the field of biofabrication with notable and exponential developments in recent years. The development of novel biomaterial bioinks has allowed the fabrication of preclinically tested in vitro models and implants. In addition, the advances in cell biology, with the use of stem cells, have contributed to the latest milestones in which clinically relevant tissues or organ-like constructs with functionality can be obtained. 3D bioprinting technology involves computational modeling, bioink preparation and deposition, and subsequent maturation of the bioprinted constructs. Bioink composition, bioprinting approaches, and the type of bioprinters should be considered in the development of tissue construct. Bioprinting technology has already been successful, where various functional tissues have been generated for in vitro and in vivo applications. While the 3D bioprinted organ and tissue constructs have brought a revolutionary opportunity in transplantation and regenerative medicine, an overwhelming list of scientific challenges stands in the way of the future. Compared to non-biological printing, 3D bioprinting involves additional complexities, such as the choice of materials, cell types, growth and differentiation factors, and technical challenges related to the sensitivity of living cells and tissue construction. Therefore, the convergence of expertise in material sciences, cell biology, engineering, and many other disciplines will address the current technological barriers. This article summarizes the status of 3D bioprinting technology and its recent advancements, focusing on the successes and translation of 3D-bioprinted materials for biomedical applications. We discuss the current applications, challenges, and prospects of bioprinting different tissues and organs in tissue regeneration.

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  1. Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA

    Naresh Mahajan, James J. Yoo & Anthony Atala

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Mahajan, N., Yoo, J.J. & Atala, A. Bioink materials for translational applications. MRS Bulletin 47, 80–90 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-022-00268-8

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