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Colloidal Nanothermite Particles: Advanced Nanocatalyst and Energy Dense Material for Ammonium Perchlorates

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Abstract

While ferric oxide is frequently used as a catalyst, aluminum, with combustion enthalpy 32000 J g−1, is a versatile highly energy-dense material. This binary mixture can achieve a synergistic impact with a strong thermite reaction. Additionally, nanoscale particles can offer better interfacial surface area, catalytic effect, and a high heat release rate. This study reports on the facile fabrication of colloidal ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) of 5-nm average size; aluminum nanoplates of 100 nm were employed. Colloidal nanothermites (Fe2O3/Al) were synthesized and integrated into ammonium perchlorate (APC) via co-precipitation. Uniform dispersion of nanothermite particles into APC was confirmed via elemental mapping using an EDAX detector. The nanothermite mixture's potentials (as a catalyst and highly energy-dense material) was described by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Thermite NPs offered a decrease in APC endothermic phase change by 48%, increasing the total heat released by 68%. While APC demonstrated a decomposition enthalpy of 836 J/g, for the APC nanocomposite it was 1405 J/g. Aluminum particles increased decomposition enthalpy, and Fe2O3 NPs acted as an effective catalyst to decrease the required activation energy. The kinetic decomposition study of APC nanocomposite was investigated via isothermal heating using TGA. Nanothermite particles offered a reduction in APC activation energy by 11% and 14% using Kissinger's and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) models, respectively. Herein, this is the first report on catalytic activity assessment of colloidal nanothermite particles on APC decomposition.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Chemical Engineering Department, Military Technical College (MTC), Egyptian Armed Forces, Cairo, Egypt, and the ZEISS microscope team at Cairo, Egypt, for their invaluable support of this study. Figures 1 and 6 were created by BioRender.com.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nanotechnology Research Center, Military Technical College (MTC), Cairo, Egypt

    Sherif Elbasuney

  2. School of Chemical Engineering, Military Technical College (MTC), Cairo, Egypt

    Sherif Elbasuney, Abdelaziz Hamed, M. Yehia, Shukri Ismael, Mohamed Gobara, Mohamed Mokhtar & Gharieb S. El-Sayyad

  3. Science and Technology Center of Excellence, Cairo, Egypt

    Ahmed Saleh

  4. Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt

    Gharieb S. El-Sayyad

Authors
  1. Sherif Elbasuney
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  2. Abdelaziz Hamed
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  3. M. Yehia
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  4. Shukri Ismael
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  5. Ahmed Saleh
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  6. Mohamed Gobara
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  8. Gharieb S. El-Sayyad
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Correspondence to Sherif Elbasuney or Gharieb S. El-Sayyad.

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Elbasuney, S., Hamed, A., Yehia, M. et al. Colloidal Nanothermite Particles: Advanced Nanocatalyst and Energy Dense Material for Ammonium Perchlorates. J. Electron. Mater. 50, 6128–6134 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-09141-x

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