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Evolutionary and Expression Analyses of Basic Zipper Transcription Factors in the Highly Homozygous Model Grape PN40024 (Vitis vinifera L.)

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Abstract

Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins, which function as transcription factors and play important regulatory roles in all eukaryotic organisms, have been identified and classified in plants based on the sequenced genomes of model species such as Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa). However, far less is currently known about the evolutionary relationships and expression patterns of bZIP genes in nonmodel plants. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis and identified a total of 47 bZIP transcription factors from grape (Vitis vinifera L., cv PN40024). Phylogenetic analysis of grape bZIP transcription factors along with their Arabidopsis and rice counterparts indicated that they can be classified into 13 different groups. Furthermore, evolutionary analysis of the grape bZIP transcription factors demonstrated that segmental duplications have contributed substantially to the expansion of this family in grape. In addition, synteny analysis between grape and Arabidopsis suggested that some of the bZIP members were present in their most recent common ancestor and that the major expansion occurred before the divergence of the two species. Gene expression analysis of the grape bZIP transcription factor-encoding genes revealed tissue-specific, biotic and abiotic stress and hormone-responsive expression profiles. Taken together, the genome-wide identification and characterization of grape bZIP transcription factors provide insights into their evolutionary history and a resource for further functional characterization in the context of crop improvement and stress tolerance.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Yi Zheng for providing help with bioinformatics analysis. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant no. 31272136 and the Program for Innovative Research Team of Grape Germplasm Resources and Breeding grant no. 2013KCT-25 to X.W.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China

    Min Gao, Hongjing Zhang, Chunlei Guo, Chenxia Cheng, Rongrong Guo & Xiping Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China

    Min Gao, Hongjing Zhang, Chunlei Guo, Chenxia Cheng, Rongrong Guo & Xiping Wang

  3. Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Linyong Mao & Zhangjun Fei

  4. USDA Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Zhangjun Fei

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  1. Min Gao
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  2. Hongjing Zhang
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  3. Chunlei Guo
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Gao, M., Zhang, H., Guo, C. et al. Evolutionary and Expression Analyses of Basic Zipper Transcription Factors in the Highly Homozygous Model Grape PN40024 (Vitis vinifera L.). Plant Mol Biol Rep 32, 1085–1102 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-014-0723-3

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