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Two QTL regions for spike length showing pleiotropic effects on Fusarium head blight resistance and thousand-grain weight in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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Abstract

Spike length (SL) plays an important role in the yield improvement of wheat and is significantly associated with other traits. Here, we used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Yangmai 12 (YM12) and Yanzhan 1 (YZ1) to construct a genetic linkage map and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SL. A total of 5 QTL were identified for SL, among which QSl.yaas-3A and QSl.yaas-5B are two novel QTL for SL. The YZ1 alleles at QSl.yaas-2D and QSl.yaas-5A, and the YM12 alleles at QSl.yaas-2A, QSl.yaas-3A, and QSl.yaas-5B conferred increasing SL effects. Two major QTL QSl.yaas-5A and QSl.yaas-5B explained 9.11–15.85% and 9.01–12.85% of the phenotypic variations, respectively. Moreover, the positive alleles of QSl.yaas-5A and QSl.yaas-5B could significantly increase Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance (soil surface inoculation and spray inoculation were used) and thousand-grain weight (TGW) in the RIL population. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers for QSl.yaas-5A and QSl.yaas-5B were developed and validated in an additional panel of 180 wheat cultivars/lines. The cultivars/lines harboring both the positive alleles of QSl.yaas-5A and QSl.yaas-5B accounted for only 28.33% of the validation populations and had the longest SL, best FHB resistance (using spray inoculation), and highest TGW. A total of 358 and 200 high-confidence annotated genes in QSl.yaas-5A and QSl.yaas-5B were identified, respectively. Some of the genes in these two regions were involved in cell development, disease resistance, and so on. The results of this study will provide a basis for directional breeding of longer SL, higher TGW, and better FHB resistance varieties and a solid foundation for fine-mapping QSl.yaas-5A and QSl.yaas-5B in future.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901544, 32071999), the National Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu (BE2021335), the National Key RD Program of China (2021YFD1200601), and Core Provenance Project in Jiangsu (JBGS [2021] 047), and Seed Industry Revitalization Project of Jiangsu Province (JBGS2021006), and the Scientific research special fund of Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences (SJ (21)101).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China

    Die Zhao & Zhengwu Fang

  2. Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, 225007, China

    Wenjing Hu, Xiaoming Cheng & Sen Liao

  3. Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China

    Wenjing Hu & Luping Fu

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Contributions

WJH and LPF proposed the project concept, and DZ carried out the experiments and wrote the paper. SL and XMC assisted in performing the experiments and participated in the field trials. ZWF participated in the field trials and data collection. All authors read and approved the final manuscript and its publication.

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Correspondence to Wenjing Hu or Luping Fu.

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ESM 1

The online version contains supplementary materials. Table S1 Primers of the KASP markers designed based on QSl.yaas-5A-linked SNP and QSl.yaas-5B-linked SNP. Table S2 The genotypes surveyed by KASP markers KASP_Q.5A and KASP_Q.5B and the phenotypes of the 180 wheat cultivars/lines. Table S3 The list of the annotated high-confidence genes within the genomic region of QSl.yaas-5A. Table S4 GO enrichment analysis of genes at QSl.yaas-5A and QSl.yaas-5B. Table S5 The list of the annotated high-confidence genes within the genomic region of QSl.yaas-5B. (DOCX 128 kb)

ESM 2

Fig. S1 Bubble plot of biological processes of GO enrichment analysis of genes at the two major QTL. (DOCX 451 kb)

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Zhao, D., Hu, W., Fang, Z. et al. Two QTL regions for spike length showing pleiotropic effects on Fusarium head blight resistance and thousand-grain weight in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Mol Breeding 43, 82 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-023-01427-8

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