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Effect of laser process parameters on the dilution, microstructure, and wear behaviour of Tribaloy™ T800 cladding on AISI 316 stainless steel

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Abstract

Tribaloy™ T800, a Co-based alloy, exhibits remarkable tribological properties by virtue of its high-volume fraction of intermetallic Laves phase making it an attractive hard-facing material. Hard-facing by laser deposition results in dilution from the substrate, and thereby, the properties of the clad are altered. This paper reports the influence of processing parameters on the dilution, microstructure, and wear behaviour of Tribaloy™ T800 on AISI 316 stainless steel. A systematic set of 20 clads was deposited by varying laser power and cladding speed, keeping powder flow and spot diameter constant. While dilution decreased at lower laser powers (800 and 1000 W) with increasing cladding speed (5–20 mm s−1), at higher laser powers (1200 and 1400 W), the opposite trend was observed. The Fe intermixing from the substrate along with the cooling rate governs the volume fraction and size of the Laves phases which controls the properties of T800 clads. The clad with the least geometric dilution (5.7%) exhibits the lowest wear rate of 0.54 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1, increasing to 2.88 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1 as the dilution increased to 60%.

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Acknowledgement

I.M would like to acknowledge partial financial support from DST sponsored projects ‘JCP’ and ‘DGL’, ISRO sponsored project ‘ONC’, and Ministry of Education supported SPARC projects LSL_SKI at IIT Kharagpur. The authors want to thank Deloro Wear Solutions GmbH in Koblenz, Germany, for providing the TribaloyTM T800 powders that were used in this study. The authors greatly thank the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, for the financial support via grant no. CRG/2023/000106 and CRG/2023/0003537. The authors would like to acknowledge the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, founded through EPSRC grants EP/R00661X/1, EP/S019367/1, EP/P025021/1 and EP/P025498/1. Shubhra Nandi acknowledges the funding of IIT Kharagpur-University of Manchester Joint Doctoral Program scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India

    Shubhra Kamal Nandi, R. Ajithkannan, Siddhartha Roy & Indranil Manna

  2. Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK

    Shubhra Kamal Nandi, Philip J. Withers & Allan Matthews

  3. Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India

    Indranil Manna

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  1. Shubhra Kamal Nandi
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Contributions

SKN contributed to Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, and Writing—original draft. AR contributed to Investigation, Formal analysis. PJW contributed to Supervision, Writing—review & editing, and Funding acquisition. AM contributed to Supervision. SR contributed to Conceptualisation, Supervision, Project administration, Resources, Writing—original draft, and Writing—review & editing. IM contributed to Conceptualisation, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Resources, and Writing—review & editing.

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Correspondence to Indranil Manna.

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Nandi, S.K., Ajithkannan, R., Withers, P.J. et al. Effect of laser process parameters on the dilution, microstructure, and wear behaviour of Tribaloy™ T800 cladding on AISI 316 stainless steel. J Mater Sci 59, 9042–9058 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-024-09593-6

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