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Understanding and designing metal matrix nanocomposites with high electrical conductivity: a review

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Abstract

Metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) are gaining more and more interest because matrices and nanophases with heterogeneous characteristics could combine to provide unprecedented properties. Given the high concentration of free electrons in metallic systems, electrical conductivity is one of the most crucial design criteria in selecting suitable MMNCs. However, due to the intrinsic complexity of MMNC systems (e.g., changed interfacial characteristics), reliable and accurate determination of electrical conductivity in MMNCs faces a considerable challenge. Notably, there lacks fundamental guidance with suitable theories and models for MMNCs’ electrical conductivity. To address these issues and provide a clear understanding of electrical properties in MMNCs, this review intends to provide a comprehensive angle to explain, design, and analyze their electrical properties, electronic features, and electron behavior after their 20-year prosperous development. First, the review connects theories, effects of various engineering factors, and electrical conductivity data in the representative systems to provide an omni-spectrum insight into MMNCs’ electrical performance. Following this discussion, the generic trend of electrical conductivity in MMNCs has been clarified for the first time, and the future focus and directions of MMNCs’ electrical behavior study have been proposed. Generally speaking, this review will mitigate the current inconsistencies in MMNCs’ electrical conductivity research and help open up new chances of achieving and extending electrical and other essential functional applications with MMNCs.

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Acknowledgements

The first author would like to thank the SciFacturing Laboratory at UCLA for the help and guidance, without which finishing this review is not possible. This paper is also published in fully sorry memory of the author’s best friend at SJTU, Mr. Dingrui Zhang, who passed away recently and whose personalities and characteristics influenced the corresponding author deeply.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Shuaihang Pan & Kaiyuan Jin

  2. Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany

    Tianlu Wang

  3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA

    Xiaorong Cai

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  1. Shuaihang Pan
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  2. Tianlu Wang
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Correspondence to Shuaihang Pan.

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Pan, S., Wang, T., Jin, K. et al. Understanding and designing metal matrix nanocomposites with high electrical conductivity: a review. J Mater Sci 57, 6487–6523 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-07010-4

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