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Ploidy dependent expression of apomixis and its components in guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.)

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Abstract

Panicum maximum (guinea grass) is a model crop for apomixis and polyploidy studies. It is predominantly tetraploid (2n = 32) and is characterized by gametophytic apomixis, Panicum-type apospory and pseudogamous endosperm development. The three components of apomixis, viz. apomeiosis, parthenogenesis and functional endosperm development, can be uncoupled in this crop. An exhaustive single progenitor-derived ploidy series comprising of 32 accessions representing 3x, 4x, 5x, 6x, 7x, 8x, 9x and 11x cytotypes was utilized in present study to understand ploidy effects on expression of apospory as well on uncoupled components in two phases of progeny formation i.e. in matured ovules (using embryo-sac analysis) and in matured self-pollinated seeds (using Flow Cytometric Seed Screen method). Rise in ploidy enhanced the formation of sexual embryo-sacs (ES) thereby increasing the frequency of facultative accessions at higher ploidy level. Our results suggested that the eventual phenotype depends on relative doses of apospory and sexual factors in the genome. Ploidy level was also found affecting the penetrance and expressivity of uncoupled apomixis components. Formation of BIII hybrids (3n) appeared to be more stabilised and less affected by the ploidy change, however, formation of M1 (1n) progenies increased with the rise in ploidy. Ploidy effects on traits such as occurrence of multiple ES, autonomous endosperm development, and twin embryos were also studied. Flexibility of guinea grass to tolerate excessive genome burden and successful formation of seeds overcoming endosperm balance number and endosperm imprinting constraints is also discussed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thankfully acknowledge the financial assistance provided by the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India (Grant: SR/S0/PS-117/2010). Authors are also thankful to Dr W. W. Hanna, USDA, for sharing sexual tetraploid accession (SPM 92) and the two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments to improve the manuscript.

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  1. P. Kaushal

    Present address: ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur, 493225, India

  2. D. R. Malaviya

    Present address: ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226002, India

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  1. ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India

    P. Kaushal, K. K. Dwivedi, A. Radhakrishna, S. Saxena, S. Paul, M. K. Srivastava, A. K. Roy & D. R. Malaviya

  2. ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 784003, India

    M. J. Baig

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PK, AKR, MJB and DRM planned the experiment; PK, KKD, AR, SS, SP, MKS generated and analysed data; PK, AKR, MJB and DRM interpreted data and wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to P. Kaushal.

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Kaushal, P., Dwivedi, K.K., Radhakrishna, A. et al. Ploidy dependent expression of apomixis and its components in guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). Euphytica 214, 152 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-018-2232-1

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