Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles currently show multiple applications in the industrial, clinical and environmental fields due to their particular physicochemical characteristics. Conventional approaches for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are based on physicochemical processes which, although they show advantages such as high productivity and good monodispersity of the nanoparticles obtained, have disadvantages such as the high energy cost of the process and the use of harmful radiation or toxic chemical reagents that can generate highly polluting residues. Given the current concern about the environment and the potential cytotoxic effects of AgNPs, once they are released into the environment, a new green chemistry approach to obtain these nanoparticles called biosynthesis has emerged. This new alternative process counteracts some limitations of conventional synthesis methods, using the metabolic capabilities of living beings to manufacture nanomaterials, which have proven to be more biocompatible than their counterparts obtained by traditional methods. Among the organisms used, fungi are outstanding and are therefore being explored as potential nanofactories in an area of research known as mycosynthesis. For all the above, this paper aims to illustrate the advances in state of the art in the mycosynthesis of AgNPs, outlining the two possible mechanisms involved in the process, as well as the AgNPs stabilizing substances produced by fungi, the variables that can affect mycosynthesis at the in vitro level, the applications of AgNPs obtained by mycosynthesis, the patents generated to date in this field, and the limitations encountered by researchers in the area.
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Acknowledgements
To the Government of Boyacá for the call 733 of 2015 for high-level human capital formation for the Department of Boyacá for funding the Ph.D. fellowship and the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation of Colombia.
Funding
This study was financed with resources from the Science, Technology, and Innovation Fund of the General Royalties System FCTeI-SGR attached to the Department of Boyacá. And through the HERMES 47144 project of the National University of Colombia; “Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from rhizospheric fungi and its immobilization in a natural fiber for in vitro control of phytopathogenic bacteria (Pectobacterium carotovorum)”.Gobernación de Boyacá,call 733 of 2015,Mayra Eleonora Beltrán Pineda
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Beltrán Pineda, M.E., Lizarazo Forero, L.M. & Sierra, y.C.A. Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: a review. Biometals 36, 745–776 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-022-00479-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-022-00479-1