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Revolutionizing waste-to-energy: harnessing the power of triboelectric nanogenerators

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Abstract

Recently, there has been a lot of focus on developing new waste-to-energy technologies because they help us to provide sustainable energy solutions for future generations. This review paper investigates an innovative waste-to-energy technology known as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which uses the electrostatic induction and contact electrification principles of physics. The underlying physics of TENG technology allows for a wide range of material choices for its fabrication; as a result, waste materials are utilized for energy production using TENGs. It comprehensively discusses how various types of waste, including plastic, electronic, medical, household, and biowaste, can be integrated into TENG technology for efficient energy production. Furthermore, various applications of waste-based TENGs are discussed in detail. Finally, we projected challenges and future directions for creating a sustainable, green energy landscape.

Graphical abstract

The review article presents a detailed exploration of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as novel waste-to-energy technologies that utilize waste materials.

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Copyright © 2022 Elsevier

Fig. 6

Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. c Biowaste sunflower husks and powder. d 3D nanoprofile of SFP thin film. e Schematic illustration of fabricated TENG. f Output current and power with variable load resistance. Reprinted from [84]. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier. g Schematic representations of the ostrich EM-TENG device. h SEM image of ostrich EM. Reprinted from [101]. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. i 3D volumetric image of PVA-chitosan composites using synchrotron radiated X-ray tomography. j The digital image of the PVA composites is rollable and stretchable. k Current output of PC10 device at different frequencies. l Voltage and power output of the PC10 TENG at various load resistances. m Digital image of the powering of LED using a PC 10 device. Reprinted from [102]. Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society

Fig. 7

Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society. h COVID-19 clinical waste collected and disinfected. i 3D printed TENG device: three-layered mask-copper electrode, glove-aluminum electrode. j Load analysis: variation of voltage and current with respect to load resistances. k Variation of power and power density according to the load resistances. Reprinted from [103]. Copyright © 2023 Elsevier

Fig. 8

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. d Three-dimensional schematic illustration of the H-TENG. e Stability test. f Power density curve of the H-TENG. Reprinted from [108]. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier. g photograph of the cloth trash and surface morphology of the waste textile fibers collected from cloth trash. h Deformation of the knitted textile and digital image of the 4-finger knitted TENG. i digital image of the F-TENG. j Voltage output response of F-TENG while crumpling, folding, knotting, and enwinding. k Power density curve of the F-TENG. Reprinted from [109]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier

Fig. 9

Copyright © 2023 Elsevier. d Photographs of WPS material. e Recycled WPS film attached with Cu electrode. f SEM micrograph of the WPS film. g Photographs of the WPS-TENG. h Stability test for 20,000 cycles and 180 days. Reprinted from [110]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. i Huge amount of waste rubber and waste rubber powder (WRP). j Schematic showing the structural design of the TENG based on WRP. k Digital photograph of WRP-TENG. l Output voltages and power density of the TENG based on WRP-20 under variable external load resistances. Reprinted from [111]. Copyright © 2017, American Chemical Society

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Copyright © 2021 Elsevier

Fig. 11

Copyright © 2019 Elsevier. d Schematic of FNP-based TENG. e Electrical performance of FNP-based TENG with respect to load resistance [116]. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier. f, g Molecular structure of Mo-MOF and photograph of original TENG device [117]. Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH. h, i Photograph of stacked CFP TENG, SEM image of cosmetic powder layer, and potential distribution calculation using COMSOL [118]. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0

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Copyright © 2016 Elsevier. b Turning on of tally counter, Lumex display, wristwatch, and connected LEDs in series using MG-CS TENG device [103]. Copyright © 2023 Elsevier. c Instantaneous glowing of commercial 100 LEDs with the aid of WRP-based TENG [111]. Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. d Lighting up 100 colored LEDs using CF-based TENG [152]. Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society. e Glowing 300 LEDs using C-S mode WP TENG device [169]. Copyright 2023, Wiley–VCH. f Powering the LCD of timer clock using CF-TENG device [107]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. g Lighting of 22 LEDs using TENG device fabricated using waste food packaging aluminum covers [149]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. h Powering of portable electronic gadgets using WM-TENG device [83]. Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society

Fig. 14

Copyright © 2021 Elsevier. g Picture of the robot arm approaching the cup to recognize the distance between the cup and hand (distance sensor). h Electrical behavior curve and the subsequent fitting data. i Voltage behavior of the TENG active layer for noncontact and contact responding motion at various initiating points (from 0 to 27 mm) [133]. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society

Fig. 15

Copyright © 2021 Elsevier. c, d Voltage behavior of the aloe vera gel and PDMS-based TENG with hand tapping force under 10, 25, 52, 75, and 99% humidity conditions [129]. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier. e Humidity setup. f Dependence of relative humidity on the power of almond, walnut, and pistachio waste fruit shell-based TENG [97]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. g Influence of relative humidity on peanut shell powder-based TENG [99]. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society

Fig. 16

Copyright © 2021 Elsevier

Fig. 17

Copyright © 2023, American Chemical Society. d Centrifuge machine image. e Electrical behaviors were obtained at different RPMs (400–3600 RPM) by placing CF-TENG device on centrifuge machine. f Extended view of the electrical result at the 2000 RPM [107]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. g Usage of the PE-H-TENG to exploit biomechanical energy harvested by leg and hand motions. h Voltage harvested by biomechanical leg and hand motions utilizing the PE- and PP-H-TENGs [108]. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier

Fig. 18

Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society. h Medical alcohol detoxification, the NC/MC film-based TENG is fully applied to the abdomen skin. i Comparable periodic signals of volunteer 1 and volunteer 2 in various breathing states [154]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier

Fig. 19

Copyright © 2023 Elsevier. (ii) Morse code sensor. h Photographic and schematic demonstration of C@PW-TENG as wearable wristband for the transmission of information during an emergency through Morse code. i Flow process diagram for identifying Morse code signals, message decoding, and issuing an alert via the LabVIEW platform to inform people in case of emergency. j International Morse code representation for alphabets. k The electrical behaviors noticed by tapping wristband with a hand finger conferring to Morse code, representing TENG and DANGER. l The LabVIEW Morse decoder sends an email notification to person’s take career. m Schematic representation and n image of a nine-segment self-power keyboard established using C@PW-TENG. o Alphabets and numbers exhibited by hand touching the C@PW-based TENG and nine-segment keyboard through Arduino circuit board [106]. CC-BY 4.0. Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

Fig. 20

Copyright © 2018 Elsevier. Speed sensor. e Schematic illustration of TB/TENG speed sensor utilized for smart traffic surveillance. f Arrangement of TB/TENG speed sensor on road for detection of vehicle speed. g Sensing peaks profiled by data collection segment. h Vehicle speed wirelessly communicated to the smartphone through e-mail [166]. Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society

Fig. 21

Copyright © 2023 Elsevier

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Data availability

No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Funding

This study was funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of Korea (RS-2023-00231350) and NRF (RS-2024-00346135). YKM acknowledge the partial financing by Interreg Deutschland-Danmark and the European Union under grant number 04-3.2-23 2 (TORCH).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Energy Materials and Devices (EMD) Lab, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 506004, India

    Khanapuram Uday Kumar & Rajaboina Rakesh Kumar

  2. Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, South Korea

    Sugato Hajra, Swati Panda & Hoe Joon Kim

  3. NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea

    Gokana Mohana Rani & Reddicherla Umapathi

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan, ROC

    Gokana Mohana Rani

  5. Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea

    Sada Venkateswarlu

  6. Smart Materials, NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark

    Yogendra Kumar Mishra

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  1. Khanapuram Uday Kumar
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  2. Sugato Hajra
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Contributions

K Uday Kumar: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Sugato Hajra: data curation, formal analysis, visualization, methodology, writing—original draft. G Mohana Rani: data curation, formal analysis, visualization, methodology, writing—original draft. Swati Panda: data curation, formal analysis, visualization, methodology, writing—original draft. R Umapathi: data curation, formal analysis, visualization, methodology, writing—original draft. S Venkateswarlu: data curation, formal analysis, visualization, methodology, writing—review and editing. Hoe Joon Kim: data curation, formal analysis, visualization, methodology, writing—review and editing. Yogendra Kumar Mishra: data curation, formal analysis, visualization, methodology, writing—review and editing. R Rakesh Kumar: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, visualization, supervision, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Gokana Mohana Rani, Hoe Joon Kim or Rajaboina Rakesh Kumar.

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Kumar, K.U., Hajra, S., Mohana Rani, G. et al. Revolutionizing waste-to-energy: harnessing the power of triboelectric nanogenerators. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 7, 91 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-024-00903-9

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