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Elevating the performance of nanoporous bismuth selenide incorporated arch-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator by implementing piezo-tribo coupling effect: harvesting biomechanical energy and low scale energy sensing applications

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Abstract

With the increasing demand of environmental friendly and unlimited power supplies, the use of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) also increases due to its high mechanical energy to electrical energy conversion ability. Herein, an arch shaped, self-powered, and wearable piezoelectric thin film with bismuth selenide based triboelectric nanogenerator, named as PBTNG, is fabricated with the help of nanoporous bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) incorporated poly(vinyldene fluoride) (PVDF) composite piezoelectric thin film (PBi). The mechanism of the PBTNG device is induced by piezo-tribo coupling effect. Furthermore, the surface area and distribution of pore size of Bi2Se3 have been measured from Brunnauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis and also described by basal spacing, which helps in increment of β-crystalline phase of the thin film. The density functional theory (DFT) has been performed to find out the electrical band gap and density of states of Bi2Se3 nanoparticles. The interaction of nanoparticle with PVDF monomer and electrical properties of β-phase has been investigated with DFT calculations as well. The fabricated triboelectric device exhibits outstanding output performance with a maximum power density of 2.03 Wm−2 under continuous finger impartation and can illuminate light-emitting diodes (LEDs) under heel pressing and periodic finger tapping. Additionally, the wearable PBTNG device traps the biomechanical energy from different body movements like heel pressing, feet tapping, blood flow, single finger tapping, etc., and converts them into electrical energy easily. Furthermore, single electrode bismuth selenide based triboelectric nanogenerator, named as SBTNG exhibits high sensitivity value (20.2 V/kPa) at low pressure region (< 0.5 kPa) which helps in electricity generation from small scale mechanical energies such as writing on the device, mouse clicking, keyboard striking, external CD drive running, etc. Thus, self-powered and wearable energy harvester can be used in daily life as a substitute of batteries.

Graphical Abstract

Excellent output performance of PBTNG has been achieved from biomechanical and small scale mechanical energy, elevated by piezo-tribo coupling effect.

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Data availability

The data that supports the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Moreover, authors would like to thank Jadavpur University, Department of Physics for the instrumental support through FIST and PURSE scheme of Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India.

Funding

This work is financially assisted by University Grants Commission, Govt. of India (No. 1413/(CSIR-UGC NET DEC.2018), 191620153244); Swami Vivekananda Merit-Cum-Means Scholarship (No. WBP191577101345); Science & Engineering Research Board (No. PDF/2022/002773); Science and Research Board, Govt. of India (Grant No. PDF/2019/001498); Science & Engineering Research Board (No. EEQ/2018/000747).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India

    Debmalya Sarkar, Namrata Das, Md. Minarul Saikh, Shubham Roy & Sukhen Das

  2. Government General Degree College at Pedong, Kalimpong-734311, West Bengal, India

    Md. Minarul Saikh

  3. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India

    Sumana Paul

  4. SAIS Department, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Nur Amin Hoque

  5. Department of Physics, Jogamaya Devi College, Kolkata, 700026, West Bengal, India

    Ruma Basu

  6. School of Science and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Shubham Roy

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Contributions

Debmalya Sarkar: writing original draft, designing, computation, conceptualization, data acquisition, and manuscript preparation. Namrata Das: data acquisition and conceptualization. Md. Minarul Saikh: visualization. Shubham Roy: computation. Sumana Paul: methodology. Nur Amin Hoque: supervision and editing. Ruma Basu: supervision and editing. Sukhen Das: supervision and editing.

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42114_2023_807_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Supplementary file1 Fabrication of PBi, PVA and PDMS thin films; FESEM images of pure and PBi thin films; TGA analysis of PBi nanocomposites; β-phase content, thermal analysis graphs and α-phase image of PVDF with energy value; Synthesis procedure of Bi2Se3 nanoparticle; Stress vs. strain curve of PBi thin film; Elemental mapping of PBi thin film; Output performance graph of PTNG and sensitivity of SBTNG device; Table of Refinement parameters of Bi2Se3 nanoparticle; Comparison table of electrical properties between α and β-phase of PVDF; Output performance comparison table of PBTNG device with other nanoporous triboelectric nanogenerator; Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) experiment of Bi2Se3 nanoparticles; Videos of lighting up LEDs by PBTNG device under continuous finger impartation and heel tapping (MP4). (DOCX 21928 KB)

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Sarkar, D., Das, N., Saikh, M.M. et al. Elevating the performance of nanoporous bismuth selenide incorporated arch-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator by implementing piezo-tribo coupling effect: harvesting biomechanical energy and low scale energy sensing applications. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 6, 232 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-023-00807-0

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