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Thermal enhancement of gelatin hydrogels for a multimodal sensor and self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator at low temperatures

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Abstract

Conductive hydrogels always suffer from weak mechanical capabilities, low adhesion, and lack of antifreeze performance, which seriously restrict their application in flexible wearable devices at low temperatures. To address these problems, a thermal enhancement strategy was creatively proposed to prepare PEDOT:PSS-gelatin-based (CHGP) hydrogels, which achieved excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength ≈ 7.38 MPa and strain ≈ 150%), good adhesion properties (adhesion strength ≈ 27.8 kPa), and the lowest freezing point (− 51.7 ℃) compared to other reported gelatin-based hydrogels. It was demonstrated that the data monitored by the CHGP-based multimodal sensors at − 25 ℃ and 25 ℃ have high consistency, which proved the sensors’ stability in sensing and monitoring highly sensitive strain and humidity. Furthermore, assembled with VHB tape, a self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator (C-TENG) was designed as a low-temperature monitoring sensor, which can monitor not only body or environment temperature but also human movement without being affected by humidity. C-TENG has the ability to monitor the vital signs and mobility of users at low temperatures to ensure the safety of outdoor workers. Therefore, this study provides a useful strategy for preparing antifreeze hydrogel-based flexible wearable devices with low-temperature monitoring functions.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number 52072210, 52111530230); Key R&D projects of social development of Hainan Provincial Department of science and technology (Grant Number ZDYF2020137); Tsinghua University Beijing Union Medical College Hospital cooperation project (Grant Number 20191080871).

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  1. Chunlin Liu

    Present address: Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Le Jiang, Boxiang Zeng, Yixian Wu, Yifan Wang, Jingyun Wang, Lingyun Zhao, Xiumei Wang & Xiaodan Sun

  2. Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, 710021, China

    Ouyang Yue

  3. MOE Key Lab. Bioinformatics School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Qiong Wu

  4. Center for Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China

    Yufan Feng & Changyou Shao

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Contributions

Chunlin Liu, Le Jiang and Ouyang Yue contributed equally to this work. Xiaodan Sun supervised the project. Chunlin Liu, Le Jiang and Ouyang Yue designed the experiments. Yufan Feng and Boxiang Zeng: material preparation and characterization analysis; Yixian Wu: data plotting and scientific drawing; Yifan Wang and Jingyun Wang: SEM and scientific drawing; Lingyun Zhao and Xiumei Wang: review and editing and supervision; Changyou Shao and Qiong Wu: resources, writing—review and editing, and data curation. All authors discussed experiments and results. All authors have given approval for the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Changyou Shao, Qiong Wu or Xiaodan Sun.

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Liu, C., Jiang, L., Yue, O. et al. Thermal enhancement of gelatin hydrogels for a multimodal sensor and self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator at low temperatures. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 6, 112 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-023-00693-6

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