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Advances in RNA Interference for Plant Functional Genomics: Unveiling Traits, Mechanisms, and Future Directions

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Abstract

RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved molecular mechanism that plays a critical role in post-transcriptional gene silencing across diverse organisms. This review delves into the role of RNAi in plant functional genomics and its applications in crop improvement, highlighting its mechanistic insights and practical implications. The review begins with the foundational discovery of RNAi’s mechanism, tracing its origins from petunias to its widespread presence in various organisms. Various classes of regulatory non-coding small RNAs, including siRNAs, miRNAs, and phasiRNAs, have been uncovered, expanding the scope of RNAi-mediated gene regulation beyond conventional understanding. These RNA classes participate in intricate post-transcriptional and epigenetic processes that influence gene expression. In the context of crop enhancement, RNAi has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding gene functions. It has proven effective in deciphering gene roles related to stress resistance, metabolic pathways, and more. Additionally, RNAi-based approaches hold promise for integrated pest management and sustainable agriculture, contributing to global efforts in food security. This review discusses RNAi’s diverse applications, such as modifying plant architecture, extending shelf life, and enhancing nutritional content in crops. The challenges and future prospects of RNAi technology, including delivery methods and biosafety concerns, are also explored. The global landscape of RNAi research is highlighted, with significant contributions from regions such as China, Europe, and North America. In conclusion, RNAi remains a versatile and pivotal tool in modern plant research, offering novel avenues for understanding gene functions and improving crop traits. Its integration with other biotechnological approaches such as gene editing holds the potential to shape the future of agriculture and sustainable food production.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India

    Divya Chaudhary, Anand Singh Jeena,  Rohit & Sonali Gaur

  2. ICAR- Sugarcane Breeding Institute-Regional Centre, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India

    Rishi Raj

  3. Central University, Ajmer, 305817, India

    Shefali Mishra & Mintu Ram Meena

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, 140143, India

    Kajal

  5. ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India

    Om Prakash Gupta

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  1. Divya Chaudhary
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Contributions

DC, AJ, OG, and MM conceived the idea and designed the framework. DC, AJ, R, RR, SM, K, and SG collected pieces of literature and prepared the rough draft and artwork of the manuscript. OG, AJ, and MM supervised the writing and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Anand Singh Jeena, Om Prakash Gupta or Mintu Ram Meena.

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Chaudhary, D., Jeena, A.S., Rohit et al. Advances in RNA Interference for Plant Functional Genomics: Unveiling Traits, Mechanisms, and Future Directions. Appl Biochem Biotechnol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04850-x

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