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Wastewater from the textile industry: Review of the technologies for wastewater treatment and reuse

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Abstract

The textile industry is water intensive and discharges numerous coloring compounds into the water body that depend on the industry’s geographical location, the wet processes used for manufacturing, processing conditions, and the substrates involved. Textile wastewater contains chlorobenzenes, phthalates, heavy metals, azo dyes, and chlorophenols that have severe health issues, such as being allergenic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic threats to living organisms. The differing concentrations of sulfates, chlorides, TOC, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, high pH, and dye content characterize textile wastewater. To protect the environment and public health, a higher concentration of these items in textile wastewater is needed to treat the textile wastewater effluent before discharge. The conventional treatment methods are not able to fully remove the pollutants, such as physical treatments can only remove grease, oil, and TSS, whereas biological wastewater treatment (aerobic and anaerobic) can only decrease colors, COD, BOD, oil, and phenol with a higher accomplishment period and by-products. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective ecofriendly, cost-effective, novel techniques, such as membrane technology, and a promising method with fewer by-products. The activated carbon method effectively removes heavy metals and dyes from the textile wastewater, and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a recent development in textile wastewater treatment processes. Combining AOPs methods has been proven effective in removing pollutants when combined with biological and advanced physical processes. This paper reviews the textile manufacturing process, textile wastewater characteristics, textile wastewater’s impact on the environment and health, and the available textile wastewater treatment approach.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (No.2022R1A5A1032539).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan

    Ali Ahsan, Farrukh Jamil, Moeen Ali Rashad & Murid Hussain

  2. Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Abrar Inayat

  3. Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan

    Parveen Akhter

  4. Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman

    Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb

  5. Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan

    Kun-Yi Andrew Lin

  6. School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea

    YoungKwon Park

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  1. Ali Ahsan
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Ahsan, A., Jamil, F., Rashad, M.A. et al. Wastewater from the textile industry: Review of the technologies for wastewater treatment and reuse. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 40, 2060–2081 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-023-1475-2

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