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A state-of-the-art review on wastewater treatment techniques: the effectiveness of adsorption method

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Abstract

The world’s water supplies have been contaminated due to large effluents containing toxic pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, surfactants, personal care products, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals from agricultural, industrial, and municipal resources into water streams. Water contamination and its treatment have emerged out as an escalating challenge globally. Extraordinary efforts have been made to overcome the challenges of wastewater treatment in recent years. Various techniques such as chemical methods like Fenton oxidation and electrochemical oxidation, physical procedures like adsorption and membrane filtration, and several biological techniques have been recognized for the treatment of wastewater. This review communicates insights into recent research developments in different treatment techniques and their applications to eradicate various water contaminants. Research gaps have also been identified regarding multiple strategies for understanding key aspects that are important to pilot-scale or large-scale systems. Based on this review, it can be determined that adsorption is a simple, sustainable, cost-effective, and environmental-friendly technique for wastewater treatment, among all other existing technologies. However, there is a need for further research and development, optimization, and practical implementation of the integrated process for a wide range of applications.

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Abbreviations

USEPA:

United States Environmental Protection Agency

AC:

Activated carbon

TOC:

Total organic carbon

BOD:

Biological oxygen demand

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

NF:

Nanofiltration

UF:

Ultrafiltration

PAN:

Polyacrylonitrile

PSf:

Polysulfone

CA:

Cellulose acetate

PES :

Polyethersulfone

PVDF:

Poly (vinylidene fluoride)

AOP:

Advanced oxidation process

EAOP:

Electrochemical advanced oxidation process

MO:

Methyl Orange

ARS:

Alizarin Red S

IC:

Indigo Carmine

UV:

Ultraviolet

US:

Ultrasound

GAC:

Granular activated carbon

CNTs:

Carbon nanotubes

GFH:

Granular ferric hydroxide

SPNPs:

Spinal ferrite nanoparticles

BN:

Boron nitride

KCN:

Potassium cyanide

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  1. Ruhma Rashid and Iqrash Shafiq contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan

    Ruhma Rashid & Muhammad Javid Iqbal

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan

    Iqrash Shafiq & Murid Hussain

  3. Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, 1-km Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan

    Parveen Akhter

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  1. Ruhma Rashid
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  2. Iqrash Shafiq
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  4. Muhammad Javid Iqbal
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  5. Murid Hussain
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Contributions

Ruhma Rashid: literature survey, original draft preparation, methodology, organization

Iqrash Shafiq: literature survey, original draft preparation, organization

Parveen Akhter: literature survey, review and editing, conceptualization, data analysis

Muhammad Javid Iqbal: co-supervision, editing, conceptualization, data analysis

Murid Hussain: idea for the article, organization, critical feedback and revision, supervision, conceptualization, data analysis

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Rashid, R., Shafiq, I., Akhter, P. et al. A state-of-the-art review on wastewater treatment techniques: the effectiveness of adsorption method. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 9050–9066 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12395-x

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