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Microbial degradation of chloroethenes: a review

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Abstract

Contamination by chloroethenes has a severe negative effect on both the environment and human health. This has prompted intensive remediation activity in recent years, along with research into the efficacy of natural microbial communities for degrading toxic chloroethenes into less harmful compounds. Microbial degradation of chloroethenes can take place either through anaerobic organohalide respiration, where chloroethenes serve as electron acceptors; anaerobic and aerobic metabolic degradation, where chloroethenes are used as electron donors; or anaerobic and aerobic co-metabolic degradation, with chloroethene degradation occurring as a by-product during microbial metabolism of other growth substrates, without energy or carbon benefit. Recent research has focused on optimising these natural processes to serve as effective bioremediation technologies, with particular emphasis on (a) the diversity and role of bacterial groups involved in dechlorination microbial processes, and (b) detection of bacterial enzymes and genes connected with dehalogenation activity. In this review, we summarise the different mechanisms of chloroethene bacterial degradation suitable for bioremediation and provide a list of dechlorinating bacteria. We also provide an up-to-date summary of primers available for detecting functional genes in anaerobic and aerobic bacteria degrading chloroethenes metabolically or co-metabolically.

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Acknowledgements

This review was supported financially through the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic project: ‘Linking microbial meta-omics with ecosystem functioning: populations and pathways involved in chloroethenes degradation’, project no. 14-32432S. Further infrastructure support was provided through Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports CZ project no. LO1201 and the OPR&DI project ‘Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0005’.

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  1. Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic

    Iva Dolinová, Martina Štrojsová, Miroslav Černík, Jan Němeček, Jiřina Macháčková & Alena Ševců

  2. Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic

    Iva Dolinová, Miroslav Černík & Alena Ševců

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Dolinová, I., Štrojsová, M., Černík, M. et al. Microbial degradation of chloroethenes: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 13262–13283 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8867-y

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