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A promising approach for the removal of hexavalent and trivalent chromium from aqueous solution using low-cost biomaterial

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Abstract

Heavy metal pollution is an enduring environmental challenge that calls for sustainable and eco-friendly solutions. One promising approach is to harness discarded plant biomass as a highly efficient environmental friendly adsorbents. In this context, a noteworthy study has spotlighted the employment of Euryale ferox Salisbury seed coat (E.feroxSC) for the exclusion of trivalent and hexavalent chromium ions. This study aims to transform discarded plant residue into a novel, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective alternative adsorbent, offering a compelling alternative to more expensive adsorption methods. By repurposing natural materials, we can contribute to mitigating heavy-metal pollution while promoting sustainable and economically viable solutions in environmental remediation. The effect of different parameters, i.e., chromium ions’ initial concentration (5–25 mg L−1), solution pH (2–7), adsorbent dosage (0.2–2.4 g L−1), contact time (20–240 min), and temperature (298–313 K), were investigated. E.feroxSC proved highly effective, achieving 96.5% removal of Cr(III) ions at pH 6 and 97.7% removal of Cr(VI) ions at pH 2, with a maximum biosorption capacity of 18.33 mg/g for Cr(III) and 13.64 mg/g for Cr(VI), making it a promising, eco-friendly adsorbent for tackling heavy-metal pollution. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, aligning well with the Langmuir isotherm, exhibited favorable thermodynamics, and was characterized as feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic with physisorption mechanisms. The investigation revealed that E.feroxSC effectively adsorbed Cr(VI) which could be rejuvenated in a basic solution with minimal depletion in its adsorption capacity. Conversely, E.feroxSC’s adsorption of Cr(III) demanded rejuvenation in an acidic milieu, exhibiting comparatively less efficient restoration.

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Data availability

All data and materials of the research are available and can be obtained on request.

Abbreviations

E.feroxSC:

Euryale ferox Seed coat

C 0 :

Initial concentration

C t :

Concentration at pre-specified time

q e :

Equilibrium adsorption capacity

V :

Volume of solution

M :

Mass of adsorbent

qt :

Adsorption capacity at any time

C e :

Equilibrium concentration

q 0 :

Maximum monolayer adsorption capacity

K L :

Langmuir constant

R L :

Dimensionless separation parameter

K f :

Freundlich constant

K DR :

Energy of biosorption

q m :

Maximum monolayer adsorption capacity

E :

Mean free energy

k 1 :

Pseudo-first-order rate constant

k 2 :

Pseudo-second-order rate constant

α:

Initial sorption rate

β:

Desorption constant

K p :

Intraparticle diffusion rate constant

C :

Boundary layer thickness constant

k id :

Adsorption rate constant

K 0 :

Equilibrium constant

∆H 0 :

Standard change in enthalpy

∆S 0 :

Standard change in entropy

∆G 0 :

Standard change in Gibb’s free energy

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Acknowledgements

The authors offer their sincere thanks to Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India, for providing financial support in execution of the work. The authors also thank Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Centre (SAIC), Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati (under the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India) and CSIR-NEIST for providing the instrumental facilities.

Funding

The work was funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India (SR/WOS-A/EA-11/2019(G)).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Resource Management and Environment Section, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India

    Manisha Goswami, Bhaswati Devi, Emee Das, Suprakash Rabha & Arundhuti Devi

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Gauhati University, Gauhati, Assam, India

    Manisha Goswami & Hari Prasad Sarma

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  1. Manisha Goswami
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Contributions

Manisha Goswami: conceptualization, investigation, visualization, writing, review, and editing. Bhaswati Devi: investigation, editing. Emee Das: investigation, editing. Suprakash Rabha: investigation, editing. Hari Prasad Sarma: supervision. Arundhuti Devi: conceptualization, writing, review, editing, and supervision.

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Correspondence to Arundhuti Devi.

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Goswami, M., Devi, B., Das, E. et al. A promising approach for the removal of hexavalent and trivalent chromium from aqueous solution using low-cost biomaterial. Environ Monit Assess 196, 461 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12617-y

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