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Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis regulates physiology and performance of Digitaria eriantha plants subjected to abiotic stresses by modulating antioxidant and jasmonate levels

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Abstract

This study evaluates antioxidant responses and jasmonate regulation in Digitaria eriantha cv. Sudafricana plants inoculated (AM) and non-inoculated (non-AM) with Rhizophagus irregularis and subjected to drought, cold, or salinity. Stomatal conductance, photosynthetic efficiency, biomass production, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants enzymes activities, and jasmonate levels were determined. Stomatal conductance and photosynthetic efficiency decreased in AM and non-AM plants under all stress conditions. However, AM plants subjected to drought, salinity, or non-stress conditions showed significantly higher stomatal conductance values. AM plants subjected to drought or non-stress conditions increased their shoot/root biomass ratios, whereas salinity and cold caused a decrease in these ratios. Hydrogen peroxide accumulation, which was high in non-AM plant roots under all treatments, increased significantly in non-AM plant shoots under cold stress and in AM plants under non-stress and drought conditions. Lipid peroxidation increased in the roots of all plants under drought conditions. In shoots, although lipid peroxidation decreased in AM plants under non-stress and cold conditions, it increased under drought and salinity. AM plants consistently showed high catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity under all treatments. By contrast, the glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of AM roots was lower than that of non-AM plants and increased in shoots. The endogenous levels of cis-12-oxophytodienoc acid (OPDA), jasmonic acid (JA), and 12-OH-JA showed a significant increase in AM plants as compared to non-AM plants. 11-OH-JA content only increased in AM plants subjected to drought. Results show that D. eriantha is sensitive to drought, salinity, and cold stresses and that inoculation with AM fungi regulates its physiology and performance under such conditions, with antioxidants and jasmonates being involved in this process.

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Abbreviations

AM:

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (l)

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

Non-AM:

Non-inoculated plants

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

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Acknowledgments

This work was financed by a research project supported by Junta de Andalucía (Spain) (Project P11-CVI-7107) and by a cooperative project supported by CSIC (Project COOPB20121). We would like to thank Michael O’Shea for proofreading the document.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal. Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700, San Luis, Argentina

    H. Pedranzani, M. Rodríguez-Rivera & M. Gutiérrez

  2. Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Prof. Albareda, 1, E-18008, Granada, Spain

    R. Porcel & J. M. Ruiz-Lozano

  3. Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle Saale, Germany

    B. Hause

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  1. H. Pedranzani
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  2. M. Rodríguez-Rivera
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  3. M. Gutiérrez
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  4. R. Porcel
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  5. B. Hause
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  6. J. M. Ruiz-Lozano
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Correspondence to H. Pedranzani.

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Pedranzani, H., Rodríguez-Rivera, M., Gutiérrez, M. et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis regulates physiology and performance of Digitaria eriantha plants subjected to abiotic stresses by modulating antioxidant and jasmonate levels. Mycorrhiza 26, 141–152 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-015-0653-4

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