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Hairy Root Cultures: A Novel Way to Mass Produce Plant Secondary Metabolites

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Phytochemical Genomics

Abstract

The in vitro method of transformation of root cultures using natural soil-borne bacterium Rhizobium rhizogenes (earlier known as Agrobacterium rhizogenes) is considered as a novel biotechnological tool to overproduce plant secondary metabolites from diverse plant species. The characteristic neoplastic roots that appear at the infection site owing to the transfer DNA insertion from Ri plasmid exhibit several unique characters such as rapid growth rate without the need of growth hormones, high genetic stability, and biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites at levels even higher or comparable to their natural counterparts. The ease of hairy root culture in liquid system has escalated the platforms for large-scale production of various therapeutical, cosmeceutical, and nutraceutical metabolites in controlled bioreactor systems. The technology also offers the additional advantage of overexpression of tailor-made metabolites through metabolic engineering of plant biosynthetic pathways. Recently, the application of elicitors (signal molecules) in hairy root cultures has further kindled the robustness of this technique for the large-scale synthesis of specific plant metabolites. Thus, the present appraisal aims to discuss the recent progress, achievements, and future trends of hairy root technology, a pioneering expression system to meet the large-scale demand of valuable phytochemicals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India

    Jayabalan Shilpha

  2. Department of Botany, St. Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Muthaiah Joe Virgin Largia

  3. French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben–Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel

    Ramakrishnan Ramesh Kumar & Lakkakula Satish

  4. Department of Biotechnology, East West First Grade College of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Mallappa Kumara Swamy

  5. Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India

    Manikandan Ramesh

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  1. Jayabalan Shilpha
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  1. Department of Biotechnology, East West First Grade College of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Mallappa Kumara Swamy

  2. Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India

    Ajay Kumar

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Shilpha, J., Largia, M.J.V., Kumar, R.R., Satish, L., Swamy, M.K., Ramesh, M. (2022). Hairy Root Cultures: A Novel Way to Mass Produce Plant Secondary Metabolites. In: Swamy, M.K., Kumar, A. (eds) Phytochemical Genomics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5779-6_17

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