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Production of secondary metabolites from cell and organ cultures: strategies and approaches for biomass improvement and metabolite accumulation

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Abstract

Plant cell and organ cultures have emerged as potential sources of secondary metabolites, which are used as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavors, fragrances, coloring agents, biopesticides, and food additives. In recent years, various strategies have been developed to assess biomass accumulation and synthesis of secondary compounds in cultures. Biomass accumulation and metabolite biosynthesis are two-stage events, and the parameters that control the growth and multiplication of cultured cells/organs and biomass accumulation are controlled in the first stage. Parameters that assist with the biosynthesis of metabolites are controlled in the second stage. The selection of high-producing cells or organ clones; optimization of medium parameters such as suitable medium, salt, sugar, nitrogen, phosphate, and plant growth regulator levels; and physical factors such as temperature, illumination, light quality, medium pH, agitation, aeration, and environmental gas (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ethylene) are controlled in the first stage of the culture process. Elicitation, replenishment of nutrient and precursor feeding, permeabilization, and immobilization strategies assist with the accumulation of metabolites and can be applied in the second stage of the culture process. By following stage-specific strategies, it is possible to produce large amounts of biomass with an increase in the accumulation of secondary compounds.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

BA:

Benzyladenine

B5:

Gamborg’s medium

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

DW:

Dry weight

DMSO:

Dimethylsulfoxide

FW:

Fresh weight

GA:

Gibberellic acid

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

HPTLC:

High performance thin layer chromatography

2-iP:

2-Isopentenyladenine

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

LS:

Linsmaier and Skoog medium

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium

NAA:

Naphthaleneacetic acid

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

SH:

Schenk and Hildebrandt medium

TLC:

Thin layer chromatography

PUFAs:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

UV:

Ultraviolet light

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant from the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D project, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (Grant No. A103017). Dr. H. N. Murthy is thankful to the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology, Republic of Korea for the award of Brainpool Fellowship (131S-4-3-0523); this study was also supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Planning (MSIP).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Ch’ongju, 361-763, Republic of Korea

    Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy & Kee-Yoeup Paek

  2. Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India

    Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy

  3. Cheongsol Biotech Co. Ltd., Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation Agribusiness Incubation Center, 205, Chungbuk National University, Ch’ongju, 361-763, Republic of Korea

    Eun-Jung Lee

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  1. Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
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Correspondence to Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy or Kee-Yoeup Paek.

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Murthy, H.N., Lee, EJ. & Paek, KY. Production of secondary metabolites from cell and organ cultures: strategies and approaches for biomass improvement and metabolite accumulation. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 118, 1–16 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0467-7

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