Abstract
High temperature is one of the major abiotic stresses causing huge yield losses in all crop plants. The challenges posed by global warming are the major antagonistic factors to realize seed yield potential of a genotype. There is a need to generate allelic variation in the existing gene pool for high-temperature tolerance. Induced mutagenesis holds great potential to cause lesions ranged from single base pair to large deletions resulting into development of spectrum of new gene combinations for high temperature tolerance. Advances in scientific methods, especially related to quantifying existing thermotolerance at seedling and reproductive stages, understanding the function of each genetic loci and their position on a chromosome, and deciphering biochemical pathways to analyze the effect of these genetic loci made it possible to measure genetic value of the mutant genes. Substantial efforts have been directed to generate variability in cereal crops such as wheat, rice, maize, and barley in the coded fraction of genome for heat stress tolerance which was exploited to decipher functional characterization of genetic loci at morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels as well as direct improvement of crop cultivars for warm locations. In wheat; mutations for stay green, thousand kernel weight, small heat shock protein, and stable meiosis; in rice; spikelet fertility, characters at seedling and reproductive stage, chlorophyllide a oxygenase; in maize; EF-Tu factor; in tomato; MAPK gene and mutations for brassinosteroids in barley have been found useful to develop heat-tolerant crop plants. A total of 14 heat-tolerant varieties have been developed through mutation breeding. Besides, precise mutagenesis techniques such as TILLING and CRISPR-cas9 have been found to be useful in developing heat-tolerant crop plants.
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Bakshi, S., Jambhulkar, S.J., Kumar, R.R., Bhati, P., Kumar, U. (2022). Induced Mutagenesis for High-Temperature Tolerance in Crop Plants. In: Kumar, R.R., Praveen, S., Rai, G.K. (eds) Thermotolerance in Crop Plants. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3800-9_12
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