Zusammenfassung
Das Spektrum unipolarer depressiver Erkrankungen macht den Hauptteil affektiver Störungen aus und gehört mit einer Inzidenz von ca. 8–20 % zu den häufigsten psychischen Erkrankungen. Ursache und Entstehung sind multifaktoriell bedingt. Neben genetischen Faktoren und biologischer Disposition spielen, je nach Art der depressiven Erkrankung, (persönlichkeits-)psychologische und psychosoziale Faktoren zumindest im Sinne der Auslösung eine Rolle. Aufgrund von klinischen Leitsymptomen, Schweregrad und Verlaufscharakteristika können verschiedene Krankheitsformen, v. a. die depressive Episode, die rezidivierende depressive Störung und die Dysthymie unterschieden werden. Bei rechtzeitiger Diagnose und adäquater Therapie kann die Prognose trotz des häufig rezidivierenden Verlaufs und des Suizidrisikos als gut bezeichnet werden, wenngleich Chronifizierungen und sog. therapieresistente Depressionen in einer Häufigkeit von 15–30 % vorkommen. Therapeutisch stehen die Pharmakotherapie mit Antidepressiva sowie störungsorientierte Psychotherapieverfahren im Vordergrund. Zur Erhaltungs-/Langzeittherapie bzw. Rezidivprophylaxe werden neben Antidepressiva und Stimmungsstabilisierern (kognitive) Verhaltenstherapieverfahren eingesetzt.
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Laux, G. (2017). Depressive Störungen. In: Möller, HJ., Laux, G., Kapfhammer, HP. (eds) Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49295-6_67
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