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Fundamental Facets of Somatic Embryogenesis and Its Applications for Advancement of Peanut Biotechnology

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Biotechnologies of Crop Improvement, Volume 1

Abstract

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn.) is one of the most vital crops providing predominant supply of protein, vitamins and fats, along with other necessary nutrients. Various factors, responsible for induction, maintenance, multiplication of the embryogenic cultures, as well as maturation and conversion of somatic embryos (SEs) into complete plants have been discussed in this review. In order to find the present trends and thriving methodologies for the development of somatic embryogenesis, a lot of emphasis has been given to the economically important species. It has been reported that from young meristematic tissues like immature embryos and leaves of legumes, SE can be induced comparatively in a easier way. However, there are multiple constraints that limit the usage of somatic embryogenesis-based biotechnological applications on legumes, such as low rate of embryo formation, reduced germination, inadequate conversion into plantlets and somaclonal variation. These hindrances, nonetheless, may significantly be diminished in future, since the effective plant growth regulators with specific morphogenic targets are becoming available for experimental purposes. Existing reports reveal that somatic embryogenic systems, having superior germination and regeneration ability shall have direct usage in large-scale propagation and several other crop improvement features. With increasing knowledge of different morphogenic processes, involving differentiation of zygotic embryos, it is possible that improvement of this technology having practical efficacy may be applicable for the important peanut genotypes.

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Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid

IAA:

indole-3-acetic acid

B5:

Gamborg’s medium

BA:

N6-benzyladenine

BAP:

N6-benzylaminopurine

BLB:

Bulbil-like body

CPPU:

forchlorfenuron

GA3 :

Gibberellin A3

IBA:

indole-3-butyric acid

Kinetin:

6-furfurylaminopurine

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

MZEL:

Mature zygotic embryo-derived leaflet

NAA:

α-naphthalene acetic acid

PEDCs:

Pre-embryogenic determined cells

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

SE:

Somatic embryo

TDZ:

N-phenyl-N′-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl) urea or thidiazuron

Zeatin:

4-hydroxy-3-methyl-terms-2-butenyl aminopurine

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge the e-library assistance from the Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India. We further are thankful to the anonymous reviewers and the editor of this chapter for their critical comments and suggestions on the manuscript.

Conflict of Interest

The authors of this article declare that there is no conflict of interest and no financial gain from it.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India

    Suprabuddha Kundu

  2. All India Coordinated Research Project on Groundnut, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India

    Saikat Gantait

  3. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India

    Saikat Gantait

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  1. Suprabuddha Kundu
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Correspondence to Saikat Gantait .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Satbir Singh Gosal

  2. Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural, Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

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Kundu, S., Gantait, S. (2018). Fundamental Facets of Somatic Embryogenesis and Its Applications for Advancement of Peanut Biotechnology. In: Gosal, S., Wani, S. (eds) Biotechnologies of Crop Improvement, Volume 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78283-6_8

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