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Peanut regeneration by somatic embryogenesis (SE), involving bulbil-like body (BLB), a new type of SE structure

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Abstract

Using cotyledons as explants a new method of peanut regeneration was established via somatic embryogenesis (SE), involving a kind of first-observed SE structure that was shaped like bulbil and therefore named bulbil-like body (BLB). On Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing a higher concentration of 2,4-D (20.0 mg/L) and incubated in the dark, all the inoculated cotyledon explants formed BLBs with a high frequency of average 26 BLBs per cotyledon explant, and 100.00 % of the formed BLBs spontaneously developed into multiple shoots (3–5 shoots per BLB) without changing induction and incubation conditions. On average, about 103 shoots can be induced from an individual cotyledon explant. On MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L NAA all the separated shoots formed normal roots to develop into plantlets. The morphological and histological analyses of BLBs at different development stages revealed that BLB was a special kind of SE structure originated from cortex cells of peanut cotyledon explants, and each individual BLB was composed of multiple embryoids further developing into multiple shoots. To our knowledge, BLB is a novel type of SE structure in peanut different from the known SE structures because of its special shape, induction conditions, somatic embryogenic nature, and multiple-embryoid characteristics.

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Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

ANOVA:

Analyses of variance

BLB:

Bulbil-like body

FCDZ:

Fast-cell-division zone

FELB:

Frog egg-like body

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

NAA:

1-Naphthaleneacetic acid

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

PLB:

Protocorm-like body

RTB:

Rhizoid tuber

SE:

Somatic embryogenesis

TDZ:

Thidiazuron

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Acknowledgments

The research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31272168) (http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/), Science and Technology Research Major Projects of Department of Education of Henan Province (Nos. 13B210270 and 14A180003) (http://www.haedu.gov.cn/), Department of Science and Technology Planning Project of Henan Province (No. 144300510064) (http://www.hnkjt.gov.cn/), Doctoral Scientific Research Starting Foundation of Zhoukou Normal University (No. zksybscx201108) (http://www.zknu.edu.cn/), Scientific Research and Innovation Fund Projects of Zhoukou Normal University (No. zksykycx201306) (http://www.zknu.edu.cn/).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China

      Kedong Xu, Kun Liu, Guangxuan Tan & Chengwei Li

    2. Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China

      Bingyan Huang, Feiyan Qi & Xinyou Zhang

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    1. Kedong Xu
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    2. Bingyan Huang
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    Correspondence to Chengwei Li or Xinyou Zhang.

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    The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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    Kedong Xu and Bingyan Huang have contributed equally to this study.

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    Xu, K., Huang, B., Liu, K. et al. Peanut regeneration by somatic embryogenesis (SE), involving bulbil-like body (BLB), a new type of SE structure. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 125, 321–328 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-016-0952-2

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