Abstract
The implementation of the conceptual framework of green chemistry in the synthesis and application of nanomaterials is a field of progressive growing and research. As a result of continuous increasing in the development of nanomaterials, their commercialization, and the need to generate more sustainable and safe processes, taking in consideration a perspective of public and environmental health and not only from technique and technological aspects. Despite of progresses in the synthesis of green nanomaterials, there is a considerable difficulty regarding the objective designation “green” of them, and therefore, the implementation of the principles of green chemistry in a synthesis can be ambiguous or inexact. The above is due to the fact that there are no minimum criteria for the designation of a process under this adjective. In this way, the adaptation of conventional sustainability metrics in nanotechnologies, such as the E-factor, the atom economy, and life cycle analysis, have been proposed and analyzed. However, inherent difficulties of these metrics emerge when considering essential aspects of nanomaterials, such as their polydispersity, structure-activity relationships, and composition in terms of core, shell, and stabilizing agent. Under this scenario, the generation of the EQZ factor as a more robust alternative has been proposed as a potential quantitative metric of sustainability in the synthesis of nanomaterials. The EQZ factor is a linear combination of descriptors based on chemical transformation directed to increase the main product, the use and reuse of supplies, and the efficient consumption of energy. This chapter provides an overview of the different metrics, including their structure and implementation, with a particular emphasis on the EQZ factor.
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Palencia, M., García-Quintero, A., Palencia Luna, V.J. (2022). Metrics for the Sustainability Analysis of Nano-Synthesis in the Green Chemistry Approach. In: Shanker, U., Hussain, C.M., Rani, M. (eds) Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69023-6_85-1
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