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The E Factor and Process Mass Intensity

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Green Chemistry Metrics

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science ((GREENCHEMIST))

Abstract

The environmental (E) factor and process mass intensity (PMI) metrics are introduced and thoroughly analyzed. As indispensable green metrics widely applied throughout the chemical industry, the E factor and PMI are calculated for numerous industrial processes throughout the chapter. A perspective on waste in the context of academic research, industrial synthesis and reactivity within alternative reaction media highlights the importance of material recovery, in particular with regard to reaction solvents. The section on catalysis further expands on the question of waste reduction by considering several important points. Advantages of heterogeneous catalysis which include catalyst recycling and simple product isolation and purification are described. Issues and potential solutions encountered with homogeneous catalysts and potential solutions are also discussed. Finally, the biocatalytic synthesis of pregabalin sheds light on the notions of solvent recovery and water intensity. Limitations of the E factor (which include failure to address the nature of the waste produced) provide for an introduction to process mass intensity. After explaining the simple relationship between PMI and E factor, the chapter turns to the benefits of PMI as a more robust front-end approach for evaluating the material efficiency of a process. This idea is captured by considering the biocatalytic synthesis of Singulair.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Andrew P. Dicks & Andrei Hent

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Dicks, A.P., Hent, A. (2015). The E Factor and Process Mass Intensity. In: Green Chemistry Metrics. SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10500-0_3

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