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Oxidation of Inorganic Nitrogen Compounds as an Energy Source

  • Reference work entry
The Prokaryotes

1 Introduction

Life depends on the element nitrogen. In nature, nitrogen exists mainly in the oxidation states -III (NH3), O (N2), +I (N2O), +II (NO), +III (NO2 −), +IV (NO2), and +V (NO3 −). Owing to nitrogen transformations by the activity of living organisms and to chemical instability, any form of oxidation state has only a transient existence. Dinitrogen (N2) is the most inert and frequent constituent of the atmosphere.

Taking into account also abiotic transformations, three cycles of nitrogen can be distinguished:

  1. 1.

    The cycle of the atmosphere

  2. 2.

    The interaction between the atmosphere and the biosphere

  3. 3.

    The cycle of the biosphere

The nitrogen cycle mediated by the biosphere (Fig. 1) can also be characterized by mobilization and immobilization of nitrogen compounds. Most of the reactions are catalyzed exclusively by prokaryotes. By microbial nitrogen fixation, dinitrogen is reduced to ammonia and subsequently transferred to amino acids and assimilated into cell material. On...

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Authors
  1. Eberhard Bock
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Box 196, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0312, USA

    Martin Dworkin Professor Dr. (Editor-in-Chief) (Editor-in-Chief)

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University Medical School, 299 Campus Drive, Fairchild, D039, Stanford, CA, 94305-5124, USA

    Stanley Falkow

  3. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  4. Department of Microbiology, Technical University Munich, 80290, Munich, Germany

    Karl-Heinz Schleifer

  5. DSMZ- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

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© 2006 Springer-Verlag

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Bock, E., Wagner, M. (2006). Oxidation of Inorganic Nitrogen Compounds as an Energy Source. In: Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, KH., Stackebrandt, E. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30742-7_16

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