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Nitric oxide, a biological effector

Electron paramagnetic resonance detection of nitrosyl-iron-protein complexes in whole cells

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Abstract

Nitric oxide has been used for more than 20 years as an electron paramagnetic resonance probe of oxygen binding sites in oxygen-carriers and oxygen-metabolizing metalloenzymes. The high reactivity of NO with oxygen and the superoxide anion and its high affinity for metalloproteins led biochemists to consider NO as a highly toxic compound for a living cell. This assertion has recently been reconsidered following a number of discoveries of great significance: the finding of the activation of guanylate cyclase by NO, the recognition that NO is the precursor of nitrite and nitrate ions released in the activation of macrophages by endotoxin and cytokities, evidence that NO is an Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor, and the discovery of NO-biosynthesis from l-arginine, a pathway common in various biological cell-to-cell signalling processes. It is now admitted that NO plays a key bioregulatory role within mammalian cells, between cells of different types and in the host defence response. In the present review we have attempted to give a general picture of what is known of the chemical, physical, biochemical and biophysical properties of NO among the various nitrogen oxides. We have focussed on the structural information that can be obtained by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of nitrosyl-metalloprotein complexes. Finally we have shown how molecular targets of nitric oxide can be characterized, within whole cells, by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.

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Abbreviations

BCG:

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin

CcO:

cytochrome c oxidase

cGMP:

cyclic GMP

Cyt. cd 1 :

cytochrome cd 1 or nitrite reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

DPG:

2,3-diphosphoglycerate

EDRF:

endothelium-derived relaxing factor

EPR:

electron paramagnetic resonance

GC:

guanylate cyclase

GMN, GDN, GTN:

glyceryl mono-, di-, trinitrate

GSH, GSSG:

reduced and oxidized glutathione

GSH-ST:

glutathione S-transferase

Hb:

hemoglobin

Hb3+ :

ferrihemoglobin

IFN-γ:

interferon gamma

IHP:

inositol hexaphosphate

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide from E. coli

Mb:

myoglobin

NMMA:

NG-monomethyl-l-arginine

P-450:

cytochrome P-450

P-420:

cytochrome P-420

P1, P2, P3, P7:

isoperoxidases from turnip

SHF:

superhyperfine structure

TDO:

tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas fuorescens

TNF:

tumor necrosis factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unité INSERM 219, Institut Curie, F-91405, Orsay, France

    Y. Henry & A. Guissani

  2. Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    C. Ducrocq & D. Servent

  3. Unité INSERM 196, Institut Curie, F-75005, Paris, France

    J.-C. Drapier & C. Pellat

Authors
  1. Y. Henry
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  2. C. Ducrocq
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  3. J.-C. Drapier
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  4. D. Servent
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  5. C. Pellat
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  6. A. Guissani
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Additional information

This review is based on a talk given by YH at the first European Meeting of Groupe d'Application de la Résonance Paramagnétique Electronique in Lyon, 10–11 January 1990. It has been up-dated to December 1990

Offprint requests to: Y. Henry

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Henry, Y., Ducrocq, C., Drapier, JC. et al. Nitric oxide, a biological effector. Eur Biophys J 20, 1–15 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00183275

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