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Microbial life in Bourlyashchy, the hottest thermal pool of Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka

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Abstract

Bourlyashchy is the largest and hottest pool in the Uzon Caldera, located in the territory of Kronotsky Nature Reserve, Kamchatka, Russia, with sediment surface temperatures at the margins ranging from 86 to 97 °C, and pH from 6.0 to 7.0. The microbial communities of the pool water and sediments were studied comprehensively from 2005 to 2014. Radioisotopic tracer studies revealed the processes of inorganic carbon assimilation, sulfate reduction, lithotrophic methanogenesis and potentially very active process of acetate oxidation to CO2. The total number of microbial cells in water was different in different years ranging from 5.2 to 7.0 × 106; in sediments, it changed from year to year between 6.3 × 106 and 1.75 × 108, increasing with a decrease in temperature. FISH with Archaea- and Bacteria-specific probes showed that the share of Bacteria differed with year, changing from 34 to 71 %. According to 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing data, lithoautotrophs (Aquificales and Thermoproteales) predominated in water samples, while in sediments they shared the niche with organotrophic Crenarchaeota, Korarchaeota, and bacteria of the genus Caldimicrobium (phylum Thermodesulfobacteria). The majority of organisms in water belonged to cultivated orders of prokaryotes; the only large uncultured group was that representing a novel order in class Thermoprotei. In sediments, unclassified Aquificeae comprised a significant part of the bacterial population. Thus, we showed that the hottest of the terrestrial hot pools studied contains numerous and active microbial populations where Bacteria represent a significant part of the microbial community, and planktonic and sediment populations differ in both composition and function.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grant # 14-24-00165 of the Russian Science Foundation, Program “Molecular and Cell Biology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as grant # 13-04-01695 of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. The work of N.V.R. group on the analysis of microbial community by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes was supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-14-01016). Field research in Uzon Caldera in 2005, 2006, and 2007 was supported by the MO NSF Grant. We are grateful to the staff of Kronotsky Nature Reserve for their assistance in the organization of field studies in Uzon Caldera. Sequencing was performed using the scientific equipment of the Core research facility “Bioeingineering”. All authors have seen and approved the final version submitted. All local, national and international regulations and conventions, and normal scientific ethical practices have been respected. We state no conflicts of interest.

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  1. Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, Build. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia

    Nikolay A. Chernyh, Margarita L. Miroshnichenko, Alexander V. Lebedinsky, Alexander Y. Merkel, Nikolay V. Pimenov, Igor I. Rusanov & Elizaveta A. Bonch-Osmolovskaya

  2. Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, Build. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia

    Andrey V. Mardanov, Vadim M. Gumerov & Nikolay V. Ravin

  3. Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Douglas Crowe

  4. Department of Marine Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Mary Ann Moran

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Correspondence to Nikolay A. Chernyh.

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Chernyh, N.A., Mardanov, A.V., Gumerov, V.M. et al. Microbial life in Bourlyashchy, the hottest thermal pool of Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka. Extremophiles 19, 1157–1171 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-015-0787-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-015-0787-5

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