Extremophiles features original research articles, reviews, and method papers on the biology, molecular biology, structure, function, and applications of microbial life at the edges of survivability. Conditions covered include high or low temperature, pressure, acidity, alkalinity, salinity, or oxygen concentration; or in the presence of organic solvents, heavy metals, normally toxic substances, radiation, or host defense mechanisms. The coverage incorporates aspects of multiple disciplines, including molecular biology, biodiversity, genetics, genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, survival strategies, macromolecular structure, development, biotechnology, fermentation technology, ultrastructure, biotransformation, metabolism, enzymology, biomembranes, bioenergetics, physiology, cell biology, symbiosis, ecology, bioremediation, methodologies, evolution, phylogeny, taxonomy and others.