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Micropropagation and genetic transformation of Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr.: a review

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This review provides an in-depth and comprehensive overview of the in vitro culture of Tylophora species, which have medicinal properties.

Abstract

Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr. is a climbing perennial vine with medicinal properties. The tissue culture and genetic transformation of T. indica, which has been extensively studied, is reviewed. Micropropagation using nodal explants has been reported in 25 % of all publications. Leaf explants from field-grown plants has been the explant of choice of independent research groups, which reported direct and callus-mediated organogenesis as well as callus-mediated somatic embryogenesis. Protoplast-mediated regeneration and callus-mediated shoot organogenesis has also been reported from stem explants, and to a lesser degree from root explants of micropropagated plants in vitro. Recent studies that used HPLC confirmed the potential of micropropagated plants to synthesize the major T. indica alkaloid tylophorine prior to and after transfer to field conditions. The genetic integrity of callus-regenerated plants was confirmed by RAPD in a few reports. Tissue culture is an essential base for genetic transformation studies. Hairy roots and transgenic T. indica plants have been shown to accumulate tylophorine suggesting that in vitro biology and transgenic methods are viable ways of clonally producing valuable germplasm and mass producing compounds of commercial value. Further studies that investigate the factors affecting the biosynthesis of Tylophora alkaloids and other secondary metabolites need to be conducted using non-transformed as well as transformed cell and organ cultures.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mafat M. Kher (Sardar Patel University, India) for providing some difficult-to-access literature and for assistance with organizing the references in the first draft of the paper. We are also very thankful to Dr. B. Ghosh (RKMVC College, Rahara, West Bengal, India) for providing unpublished photos of micropropagation in T. indica (Fig. 1a, c–f) and Dr. D. Roychowdhury (Calcutta University) for help in organizing Fig. 2.

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  1. P. O. Box 7, Miki-cho post office, Ikenobe 3011-2, Miki-cho, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799, Japan

    Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva

  2. Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India

    Sumita Jha

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Teixeira da Silva, J.A., Jha, S. Micropropagation and genetic transformation of Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr.: a review. Plant Cell Rep 35, 2207–2225 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-016-2041-8

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