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Diversity and Ecological Characterization of Sporulating Higher Filamentous Marine Fungi Associated with Spartina maritima (Curtis) Fernald in Two Portuguese Salt Marshes

  • Fungal Microbiology
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Abstract

Fungal communities associated with early stages of decomposition of Spartina maritima (Curtis) Fernald were assessed in two geographically distinct salt marshes in Portugal by direct observation of fungal sporulating structures. Twenty-three fungal taxa were identified from 390 plant samples, 11 of which were common to both study sites. Natantispora retorquens, Byssothecium obiones, Phaeosphaeria spartinicola, Phoma sp. 1 and Stagonospora sp. were the most frequent fungal taxa in the studied communities. The fungal species Anthostomella spissitecta, Camarosporium roumeguerii, Coniothyrium obiones, Decorospora gaudefroyi, Halosarpheia trullifera, Leptosphaeria marina and Stagonospora haliclysta were recorded for the first time on S. maritima plants; with the exception of C. roumeguerii and L. marina, all of these species were also new records for Portugal. The differences between species composition of the communities associated with S. maritima were attributed to differences in abiotic conditions of the salt marshes. Although the fungal taxa were distributed differently along the host plants, common species to both fungal communities were found on the same relative position, e.g. B. obiones, Lulworthia sp. and N. retorquens occurred on the basal plant portions, Buergenerula spartinae, Dictyosporium pelagicum and Phoma sp. 1 on the middle plant portions and P. spartinicola and Stagonospora sp. on the top plant portions. The distinct vertical distribution patterns reflected species-specific salinity requirements and flooding tolerance, but specially substrate preferences. The most frequent fungi in both communities also exhibited wider distribution ranges and produced a higher number of fruiting structures, suggesting a more active key role in the decay process of S. maritima.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank to Cristina Oliveira and Rita Severino for their precious help in the culture experiment. This study was supported financially by Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/48525/2008).

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  1. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (Ce3C), Faculty of Sciences of University of Lisbon, Edifício C2, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    Maria da Luz Calado, Luís Carvalho & Margarida Barata

  2. Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Edifício C2, 2° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    Maria da Luz Calado, Luís Carvalho & Margarida Barata

  3. Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Ka-Lai Pang

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  1. Maria da Luz Calado
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Calado, M.d., Carvalho, L., Pang, KL. et al. Diversity and Ecological Characterization of Sporulating Higher Filamentous Marine Fungi Associated with Spartina maritima (Curtis) Fernald in Two Portuguese Salt Marshes. Microb Ecol 70, 612–633 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-015-0600-0

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