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Biodiversity of marine fungi in mangroves with reference to Muthupet mangroves, Tamil Nadu, east coast of India

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Abstract

Fungi occur in mangroves as saprobes, pathogens, and endophytes of a wide range of timber host substrates and may also be isolated from the water column and bottom sediments. In this study, we explore their biodiversity within a single mangrove forest at Muthupet, Tamil Nadu, India. The study showed a rich diversity of fungi on five decaying host substrates (out of seven host substrates) collected in the intertidal zone, resulting in 78 marine fungal taxa in 67 genera from 11 field collections and 6215 samples. Of the 78 taxa, 56 species (in 47 genera) belong to the Ascomycota and two species (2 genera) to Basidiomycota with the remaining 20 species representing asexual fungi (18 genera). Some fungal species were repeatedly reported: Verruculina enalia (21.65%) was the most frequently collected fungus; Marinosphaera mangrovei (9.2%), Rimora mangrovei (9.15%), Okeanomyces cucullatus (8.7%), Halocryptosphaeria bathurstensis (6%) in the frequent category, Paraconiothyrium cyclothyroides (4.5%), Hysterium rhizophorae (3.5%), Sclerococcum haliotrephum (3.6%), Lulworthia sp. (3.6%), and Farasanispora avicenniae (3%) were infrequently collected. Of the host substrates, Avicennia marina wood pieces harbored 49 fungal species of which 19 were unique. Two-way ANOVA revealed that fungal species richness was not affected irrespective of the collection season (P = 0.239) but was significantly dependent on the wood species (P < 0.001).

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Acknowledgements

V.V. Sarma would like to thank the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MOES), Govt. of India (MOES/36/OOIS/Extra/40/2014/PC-IV) for funding this work. He also would like to thank the Tamil Nadu Forest Department and District Forest Office, Tiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, for providing permission to collect samples. Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, is thanked for providing the facilities. B. Devadatha would like to thank the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, for providing a fellowship. VVS thanks UGC-SAP and DST-FIST programs of Govt. of India for partial infrastructural support. E. B. Gareth Jones was supported under the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program (DSFP), King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions which have improved the manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MOES), Govt. of India, grant number (MOES/36/OO1S/Extra/40/2014/PC-IV).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014, India

    Devadatha Bandarupalli & V. Venkateswara Sarma

  2. Nantgaredig, 33B St. Edwards Road, Southsea, PO5 3DH, Hants, UK

    E. B. Gareth Jones

  3. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    E. B. Gareth Jones

  4. Central Research Laboratory, KSHEMA, NITTE (Deemed To Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India

    Sudeep D. Ghate

  5. Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575 018, India

    Sudeep D. Ghate

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BD contributed in the investigation of the research work, methodology, formal analysis, software, data curation, writing the original draft of the manuscript, review, editing, and visualization. SG contributed in the statistical analyses, software, formal analysis, writing-review, editing type face, and data curation. EBG has contributed in review and editing of the manuscript, visualization and validation. VVS contributed in conceptualization, methodology, resources, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition, and review and editing of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript.

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Bandarupalli, D., Jones, E.B.G., Ghate, S.D. et al. Biodiversity of marine fungi in mangroves with reference to Muthupet mangroves, Tamil Nadu, east coast of India. Mar. Biodivers. 51, 88 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01214-8

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