Abstract
Studies on the vertical distribution of marine fungi in aRhizophora apiculata mangrove stand in Morib, Selangor were carried out in June 1993 and June to November 1997. Prop roots, subterranean roots and overhanging branches ofR. apiculata were collected from three intertidal levels namely upper (high water mark), middle and lower. Fifty-three species were recorded including 39 ascomycetes, 13 deuteromycetes and one basidiomycete. The most common fungi wereHalocyphina villosa (frequency occurrence 21%),Kallichroma tethys (20%),Lulworthia grandispora (18%),Leptosphaeria australiensis (16%),Julella avicenniae (15%) andMassarina ramunculicola (13%). The fungi were found to be vertically zoned, some were limited to the upper level such asPyrenographa xylographoides, Julella avicenniae andAigialus grandis or lower level such asTrichocladium achrasporum andT. alopallonellum, while only five species showed a broader distribution, being present at all levels:Leptosphaeria australiensis, Halocyphina villosa, Cryptovalsa sp.,Lulworthia grandispora andLulworthia sp. The greatest diversity of marine fungi were collected from the middle level with a Shannon Diversity Index of 5.9 while the Jaccard Similarity Index of 2.25 indicated that the upper and middle levels were the most similar in terms of species composition. Fungi with certain characteristics were also limited to particular levels, for example, carbonaceous and superficial ascomata were confined above mean tide while membranous walls and immersed ascomata were common below mean tide level.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
Aleem, A. 1980. Distribution and ecology of marine fungi in Sierra Leone (Tropical West Africa). Bot. Mar.23: 679–688.
Chinnaraj, S. 1993. Higher marine fungi from mangrove of Andaman and Nicobar Island. Sydowia45: 109–115.
Hyde, K. D. 1988. A study of the vertical zonation of intertidal fungi onRhizophora spp. at Kampung Danau mangrove. Asian Mar. Biol.36: 255–262.
Hyde, K. D. 1989a. Ecology of tropical marine fungi. Hydrobiol.18: 199–208.
Hyde, K. D. 1989b. Intertidal mangrove fungi from North Sumatra. Can. J. Bot.67: 3078–3082.
Hyde, K. D. 1989c. Vertical zonation of intertidal mangrove fungi. In: Recent Advances in Microbial Ecology (ed. by Hatori, T., Ishida, Y., Maruyama, R. Morita, R. and Uchida, A.), pp. 302–306, Japan Sci. Soc. Press, Tokyo.
Hyde, K. D. 1990a. A comparison of the intertidal mycota of five mangrove tree species. Asian Mar. Biol.7: 93–107.
Hyde, K. D. 1990b. A study of the vertical zonation of intertidal fungi onRhizophora apiculata at Kg. Kapok mangrove, Brunei. Aquat. Bot.36: 255–262.
Hyde, K. D. 1991. Fungal colonization ofRhizophora apiculata andXyloarpus granatum poles in Kg. Kapok mangrove, Brunei. Sydowia43: 31–38.
Hyde, K. D. 1993. The distribution of intertidal fungi onRhizophora apiculata. In: The Marine Biology of the South China Sea, Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Marine Biology of Hong Kong and South China Sea. Hong Kong 1990 (ed. By Morton, B.), pp. 643–651, Hong Kong University Press. Hong Kong.
Hyde, K. D. and Jones, E. B. G. 1988. Marine mangrove fungi. Mar. Ecol. (P.S.Z.N.I).9: 15–33.
Hyde, K. D. and Jones, E. B. G. 1989. Marine fungi from the SeychellesRhizophilla marina, a new ascomycete from intertidal prop roots. Mycotaxon24: 527–533.
Jones, E. B. G. 1988. Do fungi occur in the sea? The Mycologists2: 150–157.
Jones, E. B. G. 2000. Marine fungi: some factors influencing biodiversity. Fung. Divers.4: 53–73, 2000.
Jones, E. B. G. and Hyde, K. D. 1988. Methods for the study of mangrove fungi. In: Mangrove Microbiology: The role of microorganisms in nutrient cycling of mangrove soils and waters. IUNDP/UNESCO: pp. 9–27.
Jones, E. B. G. and Kuthubutheen, A. J. 1989. Malaysian mangrove fungi. Sydowia41: 160–169.
Jones, E. B. G. and Tan, T. K. 1987. Observation on manglicolous fungi from Malaysia. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc.89: 390–392.
Jones, E. B. G., Uyenco, F. R. and Follosco, M. P. 1988. Fungi on driftwood collected in the intertidal zone from the Philippines. Asian Mar. Biol.5: 103–106.
Kohlmeyer, J. and Kohlmeyer, E. 1979. Marine Mycology. The Higher Fungi. Academic Press. New York.
Kohlmeyer, J. and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B. 1993. Biogeogrphic observations on Pacific marine fungi. Mycologia85: 337–346.
Leong, W. F., Tan, T. K. and Jones, E. B. G. 1991. Fungal colonization of submergedBruguiera cylindrica andRhizophora apiculata wood. Bot. Mar.34: 69–76.
Lorenz, R. and Molitoris, H. P. 1992. Combined influence of salinity and temperature (Phoma pattern) on growth of marine fungi. Can. J. Bot.70: 2111–2115.
Ludwig, J. A. and Reynolds, J. F. 1988. Statistic Ecology. A primary on methods and computing. Wiley, New York.
Magurran, A. E. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton University Press. Princeton, N.J.
Poon, M. O. K. and Hyde, K. D. 1998. Biodiversity of intertidal estuarine fungi onPhragmites at Mai Po marshes, Hong Kong. Bot. Mar.41: 141–155.
Ritchie, D. 1957. Salinity optima for marine fungi affected by temperature. Amer. J. Bot.44: 870–874.
Sadaba, R. B., Vrijmoed, L. L. P., Jones, E. B. G. and Hodgkiss, I. J. 1995. Observations on the vertical distribution of fungi associated with standing senescentAchantus illiformis stems at Mai Po mangrove, Hong Kong, Hydrobiol.295: 119–126.
Tan, T. K., Leong, W. F., Mouzouras, R. and Jones, E. B. G. 1989. Succession of fungi on mangrove wood and its decomposition. In: Recent Advances in Microbial Ecology. (ed. by Hattori, T., Ishida, Y., Maruyama, R., Morita, R. and Uchida, A.), pp. 302–306, Japan Sci. Soc. Press, Tokyo.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Alias, S.A., Jones, E.B.G. Vertical distribution of marine fungi onRhizophora apiculata at Morib mangrove, Selangor, Malaysia. Mycoscience 41, 431–436 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02461661
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02461661