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Combined linkage and association mapping of flowering time in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

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Abstract

Association mapping and linkage mapping were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and/or causative mutations involved in the control of flowering time in cultivated sunflower Helianthus annuus. A panel of 384 inbred lines was phenotyped through testcrosses with two tester inbred lines across 15 location × year combinations. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population comprising 273 lines was phenotyped both per se and through testcrosses with one or two testers in 16 location × year combinations. In the association mapping approach, kinship estimation using 5,923 single nucleotide polymorphisms was found to be the best covariate to correct for effects of panel structure. Linkage disequilibrium decay ranged from 0.08 to 0.26 cM for a threshold of 0.20, after correcting for structure effects, depending on the linkage group (LG) and the ancestry of inbred lines. A possible hitchhiking effect is hypothesized for LG10 and LG08. A total of 11 regions across 10 LGs were found to be associated with flowering time, and QTLs were mapped on 11 LGs in the RIL population. Whereas eight regions were demonstrated to be common between the two approaches, the linkage disequilibrium approach did not detect a documented QTL that was confirmed using the linkage mapping approach.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank M.C. Boniface and D. Varès (INRA Toulouse), H. Bony, G. Joubert, F. Serre, S. Roche and J. Philippon (INRA Clermont-Ferrand), Th. André (SOLTIS), S. Châtre (RAGT), P. George and M. Barthes (BIOGEMMA) and colleagues from SYNGENTA Seeds for their involvement in sunflower trial management. This work benefited from the GENOPLANTE program “HP1” (2001–2004), the “SUNYFUEL” project, financially supported by the French National Research Agency (2008–2011), and the “OLEOSOL” project (2009–2012) with the financial support from the Midi Pyrénées Region, the European Fund for Regional Development (EFRD), and the French Fund for Competitiveness Clusters (FUI).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), INRA, UMR441, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France

    Elena Cadic, Yannick Lippi, Nicolas Pouilly, David Rengel, Jerôme Gouzy, Nicolas Langlade & Patrick Vincourt

  2. Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), CNRS, UMR2594, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France

    Elena Cadic, Yannick Lippi, Nicolas Pouilly, David Rengel, Jerôme Gouzy, Nicolas Langlade & Patrick Vincourt

  3. BIOGEMMA SAS, Domaine de Sandreau, Mondonville, 31700, Blagnac, France

    Elena Cadic, Marie Coque, Bruno Grezes-Besset & Jerôme Pauquet

  4. INRA, UMR 1095, Domaine de Crouelle, 234, Ave du Brezet, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Felicity Vear

  5. SYNGENTA SEEDS, 12 Chemin Hobit, 31790, Saint Sauveur, France

    Marie Coque & Joël Piquemal

  6. EURALIS Semences, Domaine de Sandreau, Mondonville, 31700, Blagnac, France

    Philippe Blanchard

  7. RAGT 2N, Site de Bourran, 12000, Rodez, France

    Michel Romestant

  8. INRA, Unité de Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle UR875, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France

    Brigitte Mangin

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  1. Elena Cadic
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Cadic, E., Coque, M., Vear, F. et al. Combined linkage and association mapping of flowering time in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Theor Appl Genet 126, 1337–1356 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-013-2056-2

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