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Genetic and physical mapping of flowering time loci in canola (Brassica napus L.)

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Abstract

We identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying variation for flowering time in a doubled haploid (DH) population of vernalisation—responsive canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars Skipton and Ag-Spectrum and aligned them with physical map positions of predicted flowering genes from the Brassica rapa genome. Significant genetic variation in flowering time and response to vernalisation were observed among the DH lines from Skipton/Ag-Spectrum. A molecular linkage map was generated comprising 674 simple sequence repeat, sequence-related amplified polymorphism, sequence characterised amplified region, Diversity Array Technology, and candidate gene based markers loci. QTL analysis indicated that flowering time is a complex trait and is controlled by at least 20 loci, localised on ten different chromosomes. These loci each accounted for between 2.4 and 28.6 % of the total genotypic variation for first flowering and response to vernalisation. However, identification of consistent QTL was found to be dependant upon growing environments. We compared the locations of QTL with the physical positions of predicted flowering time genes located on the sequenced genome of B. rapa. Some QTL associated with flowering time on A02, A03, A07, and C06 may represent homologues of known flowering time genes in Arabidopsis; VERNALISATION INSENSITIVE 3, APETALA1, CAULIFLOWER, FLOWERING LOCUS C, FLOWERING LOCUS T, CURLY LEAF, SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE, GA3 OXIDASE, and LEAFY. Identification of the chromosomal location and effect of the genes influencing flowering time may hasten the development of canola varieties having an optimal time for flowering in target environments such as for low rainfall areas, via marker-assisted selection.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the BioFirst Initiative (NSW Agricultural Genomic Centre) grant of NSW Government to H. Raman. We would like to thank Dr Jun Zou (HAU, China) and Mr. Pradeep Ruperao (UQ) for PCR analysis of FLC3 gene and preparing figures for physical maps, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between NSWDPI and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, Australia

    Harsh Raman, Rosy Raman, Neil Coombes, Roslyn Prangnell, David Luckett & Neil Wratten

  2. NSW Agricultural Genomics Centre, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, PMB, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia

    Harsh Raman, Rosy Raman & David Luckett

  3. School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia

    Paul Eckermann

  4. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia

    Sahana Manoli, Jiri Stiller & Jacqueline Batley

  5. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Xiaoxiao Zou & Jinling Meng

  6. CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    Elizabeth Dennis

  7. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia

    David Edwards

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Correspondence to Harsh Raman.

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Raman, H., Raman, R., Eckermann, P. et al. Genetic and physical mapping of flowering time loci in canola (Brassica napus L.). Theor Appl Genet 126, 119–132 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-012-1966-8

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