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Marine Sponges – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

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Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Marine sponges are an ancient and diverse animal phylum that host well-established symbiotic microbial communities. The vast majority of the microbial genetic diversity in sponges is, however, currently inaccessible by traditional methods. This large genetic resource may be of use for biotechnological applications, particularly as the physicochemical parameters under which the genes within these microbes function are likely to dictate that they may be significantly different from similar genes or gene products currently in use in industry, offering in some instances improved performance. Emerging tools and technologies in the field of metagenomics offer enormous potential for the discovery and exploitation of new biosynthetic entities. Both sequence-based and function-based technologies have to date been employed to identify genes with novel or improved functions. Marine sponges, as well-recognized sources of novel marine natural products with varied applications, are the ideal target for the implementation of these new technologies. We detail here some successes in the discovery and development of marine natural products for industrial or pharmaceutical applications and we also highlight some technical impediments to gene and gene product exploitation which as yet still need to be overcome.

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Abbreviations

ABTS:

2,2 ′ -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)

Ara-A:

arabinofuranosyl adenine or adenine arabinoside

Ara-C:

cytarabine

BAC:

bacterial artificial chromosome

BLAST:

basic local alignment search tool

CAS:

chrome azurol S

CRISPR:

clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat

DGGE:

denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

DIN:

dissolved inorganic nitrogen

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

DOC:

dissolved organic carbon

DON:

dissolved organic nitrogen

EM:

electron microscopy

FISH:

fluorescence in situ hybridization

HCT:

human colorectal tumor

HIV:

human immunodeficiency virus

HeLa:

human cervix carcinoma cells

LB:

Luria Bertani

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

MRSA:

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

MUF-diNAG:

4-methylumbelliferyl β-d-N, N ′ -diacetylchitobioside

NRPS:

nonribosomal peptide synthetase

PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

PKD:

polycystic kidney domain-like

PKS:

polyketide synthase

POC:

particulate organic carbon

RBBR:

Remazol Brilliant Blue R

RNA:

ribonucleic acid

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

SF:

surfactin

SIGEX:

substrate-induced gene expression

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

UV:

ultraviolet

amoA:

ammonia-oxidation

anti-MRSA:

anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

cDNA:

complementary DNA

nirS:

nitrification gene

rDNA:

ribosomal DNA

rRNA:

ribosomal RNA

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland

    Stephen A. Jackson

  2. Marine Biotechnology Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    Jonathan Kennedy & Lekha Menon Margassery

  3. Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland

    Burkhardt Flemer

  4. Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    Niall O’Leary

  5. Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland

    John P. Morrissey

  6. Marine Biotechnology Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    Fergal O’Gara

  7. Marine Biotechnology Centre, Environmental Research Institute,, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    Alan D. W. Dobson

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  1. Alan D. W. Dobson
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  2. Stephen A. Jackson
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  8. Fergal O’Gara
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Correspondence to Alan D. W. Dobson .

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  1. Department of Marine-Bio. Convergence Science Specialized Graduate School Science & Technology Convergence Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Yongdang Campus, 365, Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, 608-739, Busan, Korea

    Se-Kwon Kim Prof.

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Dobson, A.D.W. et al. (2015). Marine Sponges – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. In: Kim, SK. (eds) Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53971-8_8

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