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Pea

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Grain Legumes

Part of the book series: Handbook of Plant Breeding ((HBPB,volume 10))

Abstract

Pea (?Pisum sativum L.) is one of the first domesticated crops and was the model crop for foundational genetic studies by Gregor Mendel. It is currently grown in most temperate regions of the world with annual production over the past decade of approximately 10?×?106 t of dry pea and 15?×?106 t of vegetable pea. Pea belongs to the Leguminosae plant family and consists of two species, P. fulvum and P. sativum. The centre of pea genetic diversity is the broad area of the Fertile Crescent with Ethiopia postulated as a secondary centre of diversity. Pea genetic resources are extensive with ex situ germplasm holdings of >?70,000 accessions in 28 plus national and international collections. Most pea-breeding activities are currently conducted in public institutions in Canada, the USA, Australia, Europe, India and China, with smaller programmes in Africa and South America, and private breeding in companies in Europe, the USA and New Zealand. Through these efforts, pea yields have been improved by approximately 2?% per year over the past 15 years. In addition, substantial progress has been made in improving lodging resistance, disease resistance (fungal, bacterial and viral), seed visual quality and modest improvements in abiotic (heat, frost, salinity and herbicide resistance) stress resistance. Pea-breeding methods include pedigree, single-seed descent and F2-derived family methods, followed by multi-location yield trials and breeder seed development. Varieties are released by various mechanisms including tender release, release through a previously established partner, or direct release by companies. Many biotechnological approaches have been developed or are currently under developed to improve breeding efficiency in pea, particularly the development of various molecular markers. A genome sequencing effort was recently initiated by an international consortium.

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Acknowledgments

Appreciation is expressed to Devini DeSilva for critically reviewing the references section of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

    Prof. Thomas D. Warkentin Ph.D.

  2. Department of Botany, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Asst. Prof. Petr Smýkal Dipl. Ing., Ph.D.

  3. USDA, Washington State University, 59 Johnson Hall, 99164-6402, Pullman, WA, USA

    Clarice J. Coyne Ph.D.

  4. Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA

    Norman Weeden Ph.D.

  5. Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK

    Claire Domoney Ph.D.

  6. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C and E Trail, T4L 1W1, Lacombe, AB, Canada

    Deng-Jin Bing Ph.D.

  7. Nuseed Innovation Centre, 5 Ballinger Street, 3400, Horsham, VC, Australia

    Dr. Antonio Leonforte B.Ag.Sci. (Hons), Ph.D.

  8. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Institute of Crop Science (ICS), No.12, Zhong Guan Cun South Street, Haidian District, 100081, Beijing, Beijing, China

    Prof. Zong Xuxiao Ph.D.

  9. Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Near Kanpur University, 208024, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Girish Prasad Dixit Ph.D.

  10. Department of Seed Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization—National Research Institute, 05-870, Radzików, Poland

    Lech Boros Ph.D.

  11. Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, 370G Loftsgard Hall, P.O. Box 6050, 58108, Fargo, ND, USA

    Prof. Kevin E. McPhee Ph.D.

  12. USDA-ARS, Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, Washington State University, 305 Johnson Hall, PO Box 646434, 99164, Pullman, WA, USA

    Rebecca J. McGee B.S., M.S., Ph.D.

  13. INRA, UMR1347 Agroecology, Bat. Mendel, 17 rue de Sully, 21065, Dijon, France

    Dr. Judith Burstin

  14. CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes, ICRISAT, 502324, Patancheru, Telangana, India

    Dr. Thomas Henry Noel Ellis B.Sc., Ph.D.

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  1. Prof. Thomas D. Warkentin Ph.D.
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    Antonio M. De Ron

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Warkentin, T. et al. (2015). Pea. In: De Ron, A. (eds) Grain Legumes. Handbook of Plant Breeding, vol 10. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2797-5_2

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